34 TOPOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF KLAMATH MOUNTAINS, [bull. 196. 
detritus showed a plastic, clayey material, bluish when first exposed, but becom- 
ing with exposure a very friable light shale, nearly white, with ferruginous 
streaks. Owing to the facts that there are no outcrops and the country is over- 
grown with brake and shrubbery, the distribution of this material can not be 
stated. No shells are preserved in it, but it presents impressions of Cerithiopsis, 
Peristernia? Dentalium, Amauropsis or Ampullina, a very abundant Macoma, 
Lepton? Galerus, Balanus, corals, and small fishes. None of the species was 
recognizable as known in other Tertiary rocks, and the beds may be newer or 
older than the prevalent Miocene of lower altitudes in the same region. If the 
naticoid is really an Ampullina it would point toward an Oligocene age, but none 
of the others is characteristic, as far as I know. 
The Wymer beds of Diller may have been deposited at the time of the greatest 
Miocene depression and before the subsequent elevation initiated the erosion 
which followed. Their fossils, unfortunately, are not characteristic, except that 
they are not older than the Tertiary. 
Dr. Ball's examination of the beds about Crescent City was much 
more extensive, and his report in the letter noted above is given below 
in full: 
Localities near Crescent City. — South of the long pier at Crescent City the 
beach is sandy, with no outcrops of rock for half a mile or more. North of the 
pier, between tides, at the level of the b?ach and dipping a little seaward, is a very 
soft bluish sandstone (4) containing pebbles and worn fragments of carbonized 
wood. 
Pre-Tert,. 
Sea /eve/ 
7 
Fig. 5.— Crescent City section at Battery Point. 
A few invertebrates occur sparsely, including Terebratalia hemphilli Dall, 
which is known elsewhere only from the Pliocene beds of Santa Barbara. The 
thickness of this bed below midtide is unknown. Above this lies a bed of yellow- 
ish sand and clay (3), about as compact as (4). with a good many included peb- 
bles, especially near the base. It is conformable with No. 4, and shows wave- 
structure and occasional modifications of color, etc., locally. It contains no 
fossils, and has a thickness of 6 to 10 feet, rarely more. No. 2 is also nonfossil- 
iferous, slightly consolidated and variable in this respect, and composed of 3 to 
5 feet of yellow sand. Between No. 2 and the turf on the east side of Point St, 
George lies 12 to 18 inches of black kitchen-midden soil containing many frag- 
ments of shells (recent species), charcoal, cetacean bones, round pebbles for 
cracking the shells, and an occasional bone awl, but no weapons or stone imple- 
ments. Nos. 1 to 4 abut unconformably upon masses of a much altered sand- 
stone (No. 7), which has, in the main, lost its bedding, but in one instance was 
observed to dip inland 45°. This rock is much contorted and crushed, nearly 
black, and very hard in places. It contains large fragments of carbonized or 
petrified wood, apparently Sequoia, and dioritic pebbles of various sizes, some 
very large. Here and there is an intrusion of dioritic rock, or the mass of the 
sandstone has become crystalline from alteration. Of this hard rock the reefs 
and islets in Crescent City roadstead and at Point St. George and northward are 
composed. The large offshore islets show traces of the softer yellow sandstones 
on their summits in many cases. This rock (No. 7) emerges along the shores 
northward from Battery Point in many places until the bluffs are interrupted by 
