16 TOPOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF KLAMATH MOUNTAINS, [bull. 196. 
harder rocks appearing in great variety and giving rise to much 
greater variation in topographic features. On the hard saxonite of 
Iron Mountain, 20 miles southeast of Port Orford, the peneplain rises 
in a low, broad ridge to 4,000 feet (PI. IV), possibly the highest point 
of the range in Oregon north of Rogue River. The peneplain gradu- 
ally declines toward the coast, where the now highest peaks, Butler 
(2,923 feet) and Avery (2,613 feet), stand out as hills a few hundred 
feet above the Klamath peneplain. 
Between Sixes River and Floras Creek the rolling plateau surface is 
well preserved in Edson Butte (2,781 feet), declining gently westward 
to Eightmile Prairie, at an elevation of 2,363 feet. 
A flat-topped mountain between Blackberry and Panther creeks 
preserves the plain near Elk River at about 2,500 feet, and just north 
of Rogue River an undulating plain forms the crest of the divide in 
the Prairie Mountains east of Lobster Creek, with an altitude rising 
eastward from 2,200 to 3,000 feet. 
South of Rogue River the drainage is more regular to the California 
line, and the divide between Illinois River and the coast, seen from 
Sunset Peak, preserves the Klamath plain in many ridges and spurs. 
A short distance south of Pistol River the plateau front advances 
nearly to the coast and the descent to the shore is steep. For this 
reason the stage road gradually ascends over the terraced border to 
the summit of the plateau near Irma, at an elevation of nearly 2,000 
feet. From the bald hills by the road a good view of the plateau 
remnants to the southeast may be seen. The broad dome of Bosley 
Butte, a few miles from the plateau front, is prominent, and rises 
considerably above the general level of the Klamath peneplain. 
From Chetco Ferry, near the coast, Mount Emery is distant about 
9 miles, and is easily reached on horseback. It rises about 500 feet 
above the general level, and from its southwestern slope affords one 
of the finest general views of a peneplain to be found along the coast. 
The display of even-crested ridges, beyond which rise the irregular 
summits of the Siskiyou Mountains, is impressive. The peneplain has 
an inclination westward of l-J-°, reaching the sea front just south of 
Chetco River at an elevation of 1,700 feet. Mount Emery is composed 
largely of andesitic rocks and has a flat summit whose elevation is 
nearly 3,000 feet. To the northeast and east are summits of greater ele- 
vation, but they appear less regular along the crest line. Their color 
has determined their name, Red Mountains, and suggests that they are 
within the great area of peridotite traversed by Illinois River and 
the head of Pistol River. Farther northeast is a large, flattish tract, 
rising to an altitude of 4,400 feet, with crests near by reaching 5,000 
feet. Ttie peneplain represented by the summit of Mount Emery and 
the flat tracts to the northeast is less regular than the one 500 feet 
below, seen from the slope of Mount Emery. Whether there are 
really two peneplains about Mount Emery, or only one which has been 
