48 CORRELATION OF GEOLOGICAL FAUNAS. [bull. 210. j 
The Portage fauna (C) was analyzed into the following faunules: 
CI. Cephalopod stage or faunule, Goniatites and large Carcliada?. 
C 2. Lamellibranch stage, Cardiola speciosa. 
C 3. Portage sandstone, a generally barren zone. 
The Chemung fauna (D), or Spirt fer disjunctus fauna, was analyzed 
into : 
D 1. Orthis tioga stage or fannule. 
D 2. Stropheodonta (Cayuta) mncronata stage. 
D 3. Athyris angelica stage. 
D 4. Rhynchonella contracta stage. 
D 5. Spirifer altus fauna. 
The flat-pebble conglomerate (E), as illustrated b} 7 the Wolf Creek 
conglomerate (sec. 483 C, p. 8(3), contains: 
E. Palseanatina typa fauna. 
The Catskill (F) was recognized in the Oneonta sandstone (F 1) 
and the typical Catskill (F 2); but except by the presence of Holopty- 
chius and other fish remains, characteristic plants, and the Amnigenia 
catskillens/.s, the fauna and flora were not then exactly defined. 
The Waverly (G), with Syringothyris, is a still later fauna in which 
three faunules were observed : 
G 1. Bedford shale stage or faunule. 
G 2. Berea grit and sandstone. 
G 3. Cuyahoga shale and sandstone. 
No attempt was made in L886 to elaborate these higher faunules of 
the Waverly, as the statistics were at that time too imperfect for 
drawing conclusions. 
REVISED CLASSIFICATION OF FAUNAS. 
Revising this classification now in the light of the fuller exhibition 
of the facts, some of the distinctions made in 1885 are believed to be 
too refined and local for perpetuation in a general classification, but 
a few of the points then made may be adopted for general use in dis- 
cussing the faunas of the whole continent and in comparison with 
the faunas of the world. 
The fauna of the t} r pical Hamilton formation (A) may be appropri- 
ately called the Tropidoleptus carinatus fauna. That species is more 
characteristic of the fauna as it appears in its purity in the eastern 
New York province than is Spirifer (mucronatus) pennatus Atwater. 
The second fauna of the Black shales (B) may be appropriately 
called the Lingula spatulata fauna, as that species is characteristic of 
it far and wide when in its purity, is rarely entirely absent, and may 
be found, if diligently searched for, in a typical black Devonian shale 
almost anywhere in the interior continental basin. 
The third fauna of the Portage shales (C) may be called the Car- 
diola speciosa fauna. Although, as Hall has shown, this is not a 
