HAYES AND 
KENNEDY. 
STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION. 165 
through the pipe (C, fig. 10). The top of the tank was closed, ven- 
tilation being afforded by the pipe (Y, fig. 10). 
A steam pump (B, fig. 10) drew oil from the tank through the 
strainer (IT, fig. 10) to the burners under a head of about 10 feet. 
The pump was run constantly and delivered a surplus, which flowed 
back to the tank through the pipe (T, fig. 10). 
The oil was provided with a device-' (D, fig. 10) having a piston 
connecting by a chain with a cock (S, fig. 10), which automatically 
opened when the boiler was not under steam pressure, so that the 
standpipe would be emptied of oil by the latter flowing to the storage 
tank, 
The steam exhaust of the pump passed through the tank by the 
pipe (Z', fig. 3 0) and thence to the atmosphere. Thereby high cold 
test oil is kept sufficiently fluid in cold Aveather to flow freely into the 
strainer, but is not sensibly heated to the touch when it arrives at 
the burner. 
The air entered the ash-pit tiles under the natural draft of the 
chimney, 70 feet high by 42 inches square, connecting to the boiler 
tested by a 40-inch flue about 30 feet long. 
STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION. 
During the earlier days of the Beaumont field the companies own- 
ing wells were seriously handicapped by the want of means of taking 
care of the oil or sending it to market. The immense quantity pro- 
duced was unexpected and no one was prepared to handle it. The 
companies had no tankage, and consequently, although drilling was 
carried on, and even stimulated be} T ond all reason, the wells, as soon 
as determined to be flowing wells, were closed until such times as the 
owners could make arrangements to dispose of the oil. 
The railroad companies were not in a position to furnish cars, and 
for months looked upon the fields as a sort of freak that would soon 
die, and they considered themselves hardly justified in the purchase 
of new cars to supply the demand. These roads delayed action until 
several of the larger and wealthier companies commenced purchasing 
individual cars and shipping in that way. These companies own over 
1,000 cars, and the railroads are now supplying nearly enough addi- 
tional cars to meet the demand. 
Pipe lines were laid to the coast at Port Arthur and Sabine Pass, 
and shipments by water were made from these ports. At present 
there are four pipe lines to Port Arthur, two to Sabine Pass, and one 
to Beaumont to connect with the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Rail- 
road. The water shipments are mostly coastwise to New Orleans, 
Mobile, Philadelphia, and other coast harbors. Considerable quanti- 
ties are also shipped to European ports by the Shell Transport and 
a There is a safety device required by Western insurance rules. 
