180 CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 1902. [bull. 213. 
system. The largest and best-known example of this is the Rarns 
fault, and the ownership of immensely valuable ore bodies has hinged 
upon the geological conditions in the Rams and adjoining claims. A 
careful and prolonged examination of all the accessible workings of 
these mines, including stopes, has resulted in the establishment of 
the following facts: 
The Rams faults have cut and displaced all the veins. The cut-off 
is as sharp as if made by a knife, and high-grade ore abuts against 
fault breccia. The veins displaced are so close together that on cer- 
tain levels the cut-off ends of different veins are opposite. The fault 
is compound, consisting of two fissures, the easterly with a dip of 
45°, the westerly with a dip of 30°, and these fissures differ somewhat 
in strike. The interfault block is crushed and the included vein seg- 
ments are broken and their orientation is disturbed by a tilting of the 
block. The actual fault fissures are marked by attrition clay con- 
taining rock and mineral fragments. When indurated by infiltrating 
solutions this resembles the quartz-porphyry. As the interfault 
material contains workable ore bodies, stoping is sometimes continu- 
ous from one vein across the fault to another. Whatever the legal 
construction may be, there is no geological continuity. There has 
been some ore deposited in the fault fissure, but not sufficient to form 
a new north-south vein along the fault, being confined to the prox- 
imity of older ore, upon and about which it was precipitated. 
The Rams fissure has now been developed to a depth of 1,600 feet 
and its existence established for a distance of 1\ miles. Other fissures 
belonging to the Rams system exist in many parts of the district, 
notably at the Original, Diamond, and Leonard mines, in which 
extensive mineralization has taken place. 
