286 
OONTKIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 1902. [bull. 213. 
It is believed locally that the coal worked at or near the surface at 
Ayrshire and between Winslow and Littles is a " floating vein," lying 
about GO feet above the Petersburg bed, and it is claimed that an 
8-foot bed has been found by drilling about 60 to 80 feet below the 
one now worked. A careful study of the available data, however, 
leads to the belief that the coal at Ayrshire, Winslow, Oakland City, 
and Littles all comes from the Petersburg bed, and that the 8-foot 
bed below is either a newly discovered bed or the continuation of one 
of the thin beds of the Brazil formation which outcrops farther east. 
The coal frequently carries partings of bony coal, shale, etc., which 
sometimes reach considerable thicknesses. Such a parting occurs at 
Scalesville and continues to thicken southeastward, until at a mine 
northwest of Folsomville it forms a parting 34- feet thick between the 
two benches, but south of Folsomville it soon runs out. At several 
points the coal is associated with a small overlying vein known as a 
"rider." In the region between Winslow and Selvin the rider is a 
6-inch vein, occurring from 5 to 15 feet above the main bed. At 
Cabel a rather thick rider occurred just above the main coal, and the 
two were worked together at one time, but the working did not prove 
profi table. 
The following analyses, made by the State geological and natural 
history survey, give some indication of the chemical character of the 
bed in this quadrangle. While they do not indicate a coal of very 
high grade, the ease and cheapness with which it may be worked 
makes it a valuable vein. The roof, as a rule, is excellent, being of 
the tough, black, sheety variety which maintains itself without props 
for years, even in large rooms. 
Analyses of Petersburg coal. 
Mini). 
De Forest 
Ayrshire 
Blackburn 
Woolley, Petersburg 
Total Volatile 
corn- j com- 
bustible bustible 
matter, matter. 
84.16 
82.47 
87.33 
85.31 
39. 09 
41.32 
43.38 
43.51 
Fixed 
carbon. 
45.07 
41.15 
43.95 
41.80 
Mois- 
ture. 
6.08 
10. 75 
7.47 
6.87 
Ash. 
9.76 
6.78 
5. 20 
7.82 
Sul- 
phur. 
Evap- 
orative 
effect." 
2.14 
0.81 
5.21 
3. 56 
12.5 
12.36 
12.9 
12.6 
a Pounds of water evaporated per pound of coal. 
Mines of small size are operated at a large number of points, and 
in the aggregate have a large output. The larger mines, however, are 
of necessity located near the railroads. There are perhaps 20 mines 
shipping coal, the most important locations being Petersburg, Ayr- 
shire, Littles, Oakland City, Massey, Cabel, Boonville, De Forest, 
and Chandler. The small mines, frequently only strippings, are 
especially numerous north and northeast of Winslow, south of 
Augusta, west of Stendal, north and northeast of Scalesville, between 
Scalesville and Folsomville, and between Folsomville and Boonville. 
