340 CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 1902. [bull. 213. 
The most prominent feature is the main anticlinal arch, which 
extends from near Cadiz in a northeasterly direction, passing just 
cast of the town of Salem, where it attains its greatest height. 
Thence it swings to a more easterly direction and rapidly falls away 
before reaching Richmond. The corresponding syncline parallels 
this fold on the western side, but it is interrupted by two cross anti- 
clines, one near the line of the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago and 
St. Louis Railroad, the other very nearly agreeing with the location 
of the ridge road from East Springfield north toward Bergholz. It 
thus forms a canoe-shaped basin, whose lowest point is but a short 
distance east of the town of Jefferson. A part of another basin, 
which extends almost due east and west, appears in the northeast cor- 
ner of the quadrangle, its center line being very near the location of 
a topographic feature known as Middle Ridge. To the east of the 
main anticline the sand descends in terraces or steps to the eastern 
limit of the quadrangle, the crests of the terraces extending in lines 
parallel to the main anticlinal fold. Over this slope the intersection 
of the cross folds moves I lie terrace toward the east. This causes the 
steep slope below the terrace to have a southeast strike for a short 
distance before again taking up a direction parallel to the major 
folding. 
No long and steep slopes exist in the quadrangle. The descent is 
steepest on the face of the terraces, where it seldom amounts to 100 
feet to the mile. This lack of decided slope for a considerable dis- 
tance is unfavorable to the accumulation of a large pool of oil, since 
no large area of oil-producing territory has been drained into a single 
continuous reservoir. 
OIL DEVELOPMENT. 
All of the oil developments that existed at the time of survey are 
represented upon the map in Bulletin No. 198 of the United States 
Geological Survey — The Berea Grit Oil Sand in the Cadiz Quad- 
rangle, Ohio. The valuable oil pools then known consisted of the 
Bricker and Snyder on the eastern side of the main anticline, the 
Jewett pool on its western side, and the Amsterdam pool at the head 
of the canoe-shaped basin east of Jefferson. 
TESTS AND DEVELOPMENT DURING THE YEAR 1902. 
During the year 1902 a number of new wells were drilled within 
the area mapped, with the object of extending the known productive 
territory and in the hope of finding new pools. 
With a view of determining the degree of accuracy with which the 
contour map of the Berea grit sand had been made in the Cadiz quad- 
rangle, and to learn if the future development of valuable territory 
would follow the theoretical reasoning of the published bulletin, a 
careful watch of the new work was kept during the last summer and 
