martin.] COLD BAY REGION. 55 
extending from a point 3-J- miles above the month of Oil Creek to 
Kanata, and a syncline extending from near the mouth of Oil Creek 
northeastward into Cold Bay. The northern end of this syncline is 
cut off by a fault which extends up the valley of Dry Creek. The 
anticline terminates by flattening out. 
The dips are quite uniformly northwestward on the north shore of 
Cold Bay and on the north side of Dry Creek. Along the southeast- 
ern side of Becharof Lake it is northwestward and westward. On 
the western shore of Cold Bay it is northwestward or horizontal. 
On Dry Bay it is southeastward. The dips seldom exceed 15° except 
toward the mouth of the bay, and are quite low and regular over 
wide areas. The region between Becharof Lake and the Becharof - 
Cold Bay divide has a uniform westward and northwestward dip. 
INDICATIONS OF PETROLEUM. 
Seepages. — There are several seepages at the north end of the anti- 
cline near the oil wells. In all of these the flow of petroleum is large 
and constant. One of them furnishes lubricating oil for use at the 
wells. There is also a considerable flow of gas at one of these seep- 
ages. Other seepages not seen by the writer are reported from 
various places along the crest of this same fold, near the head of Dry 
Bay and elsewhere between that point and Kanata. There is said to 
be even more important seepages on the west shore of the south arm 
of Becharof Lake. 
Developments. — Three w T ells were begun in the summer of 1903. 
They are located about 5 miles from the landing on the west shore of 
Cold Bay, at an elevation of about 750 feet above tide, and are dis- 
tant about 9 miles in an air line from Becharof Lake. (PL VII.) 
One of the wells begun during the summer of 1903 was abandoned 
in the autumn at a depth of several hundred feet, and the derrick 
was moved to a new site a few hundred feet distant. Very little drill- 
ing had been done at this point up to the time the writer left Alaska. 
The second well, mentioned in an earlier publication, was drilled to 
a depth of about 1,400 feet. The drill is said to have penetrated 
several strata filled with thick residual oil having about the consistency 
of warm pitch. This well was finally abandoned during the summer 
of 1904, because of the strong continual flow of fresh water. It is 
now certain that this well is situated near a fault, which fact would 
seem to explain the presence of a large amount of fresh water at all 
depths and also the absence of the more volatile and fluid constituents 
in the oil. The machinery from this well has now been moved to a 
new location about 2^ miles southeastward on Trail Creek. At last 
reports it had reached a depth of 1,500 feet. 
" Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 225, 1904, p. 381. 
