34 PETROLEUM OF PACIFIC COAST OF ALASKA. [bull. 250 
nearly semianthracite, of somewhat the composition of the coal of 
the Bernice basin (Loyalsock) in Pennsylvania, although it is purer 
and has a higher heating power than that coal. It differs from the 
anthracite of Pennsylvania and Wales in having more volatile mat- 
ter in proportion to the amount of fixed carbon. In the ratio of 
fixed carbon to volatile matter it is nearer to the Bernice basin coal 
than to any other coal that reaches the general market. It is almost 
identical in heating power, as well as in the low amount of impuri- 
ties, with the Pocahontas steam coal of West Virginia, but excels 
this coal by having a higher proportion of fixed carbon. There is 
no other coal with which it is likely to come into general competi- 
tion with Avhich it is to be compared, for it is far higher in heating 
power and in purity than any coal that is mined on the Pacific 
coast, whether in the United States, in Canada, or in Australia. 
The seams opened 1 mile northwest of Canoe Landing on Shepherd 
Creek, and also near the headwaters of Trout Creek, are probably 
representative of the thinner seams of this region. These coals 
differ from the coal of the 20-foot seam in having a less amount of 
fixed carbon in proportion to the volatile matter and in having a 
higher percentage of ash and sulphur. The heating power is con- 
sequently less. They resemble coals of the semibituminous type 
that enter the market as high-grade steam coals. They correspond 
in texture, composition, and heating power to the high-grade Poca- 
hontas (West Virginia) and Georges Creek (Maryland) steam coals, 
and also to some of the semibituminous coals of Wales. 
The coke exposed in the southern end of Carbon Mountain is an 
interesting deposit, which may prove of considerable value. The 
analysis shows it to be of great purity and high heating power. It 
will be seen from the section given on page 30 that it is broken up 
by partings into a number of thin seams, which vary considerably 
in thickness within short distances. It may be that some of these 
will be found sufficiently thick and persistent to be of economic im- 
portance. Part of the coke is dense and hard and shows a well- 
marked columnar structure. The latter will break into fine frag- 
ments on handling, and will thus be at a disadvantage from the 
market standpoint. The product should be carefully screened and 
then the lump will make a domestic fuel of high grade. 
Methods of shipment. — There is now no local market for the coal 
of this field, which therefore necessitates shipping for long dis- 
tances. It is out of the question to thiriK of building railroads to 
a market, because of their length, the difficulties and expense of 
railway construction, and the ease of water transportation. The 
available harbors are Controller Bay and Katalla Bay, and each 
of these has its disadvantages. The water of Katalla Bay is appar- 
ently very deep to a short distance from the shore, though it is 
