martin.] GLACIERS OF CONTROLLER BAY REGION. 17 
long' beach extending from Strawberry Harbor to the mouth of 
Katalla River are good examples. Others, which extend out of the 
region here described, are Softuk Bar and the line of bars and sand 
hills extending in line with it across the margin of the Copper River 
delta. 
GLACIERS AND GLACIAL DEPOSITS. 
The Bering Glacier, previously mentioned as supplying Bering and 
other rivers, is a large glacier of the Piedmont type, and, if con- 
sidered independently, is second in size, among glaciers of this type, 
only to the Malaspina Glacier. It is a large field of stagnant ice, 
which has overfiooded the eastern extension of the zone of coastal 
foothills described above, and it is considered by many as merely the 
western lobe of the Malaspina Glacier. It is, however, in all prob- 
ability entirely separate from the latter. A great many valley gla- 
ciers coming from the Chugach Range enter it as tributaries. It is 
fringed along its southwestern border by a wide moraine, while the 
ice itself is thickly covered with rock debris for a distance of several 
miles from its front, and, as in the case of the Malaspina Glacier, this 
covering is so thick that it is often impossible to determine the mar- 
gin of the glacier itself. During the warm summers large lakes are 
formed on the surface of the ice, which later in the season break loose 
and subject the valleys of the Bering, the Nitchawak, and other 
streams draining the ice front to severe floods. The entire region 
from the lower tidal channel of Bering River eastward to the ice 
front, a distance of over 10 miles, is a great flood plain formed of the 
debris which these rivers are depositing. 
In the region north of Bering River there are a number of valley 
glaciers not tributary to the Bering Glacier, the best known of which 
is the Martin River Glacier, which flows northward behind the coal 
field, and one lobe of which is the Kushtaka Glacier, entering the 
lake of the same name. There are others to the northwest which 
have received no names and are unmapped. 
STRUCTURE. 
An anticline extends through the Katalla Valley in an average 
direction of X. 38° E. Exposures on the western flank showed strikes 
of N. 55° E. and N. 85° E., with dips varying from 18° to 05° NW., 
on the west shore of Bering Lake; and a strike of about N. 40° E., 
with a dip of 70° NW., near the mouth of Deep Creek. The strata 
are almost continuously exposed along the eastern flank in the high 
ridge forming the eastern side of the valley. The strike varies from 
north to N. 40° E. and the dip from 32° to 60° SE. The outcrop in 
