84 
CEMENT MATERIALS AND INDUSTRY. [hill. 
Clay {Cretaceous and Tertiary) and cement analyses. 
Number of analysis. 
55. Residual clay over limestone at P. H. 
Pitts' s home place, Union town; R. S. 
Hodges, analyst : . 
5(5. Residual clay over St. Stephens lime- 
stone, St. Stephens Bluff; R. S. Hodges, 
analyst 
59. Grand Gulf clay, Manistee Junction, 
Monroe County; T. W. Miller, analyst; 
average of bed 
60. Clay at water's edge, St. Stephens Bluff: 
R. S. Hodges, analyst 
61. Cement, manufactured by Alabama 
Portland Cement Co., Demopolis; 
A. W. Dow, United States inspector of 
asphalts and cements, analyst 
62. Cement manufactured by Alabama 
Portland Cement Co., Demopolis: 
analysis from T. G. Cairns, general 
manager 
63. Cement manufactured by Alabama 
Portland Cement Co., * Demopolis; 
R. S. Hodges, analyst 
64. Residual clay overlying orbitoidal lime- 
stone, Marshalls Landing; R. S. 
Hodges, analyst 
T30 
'3 3 9, 
H y D 
59.71 
66.60 
49.23 
20. 25 
19.99 
19.99 
51.30 
24.79 
25.86 
24.42 
13.74 
13.63 
33. 22 
0.37 
18 
61. 36 
63. 82 
1.37 
1.03 
.61 
, .S3 
96 
£0 
J-.CC 
3 — 
1.16 
41 
9.68 
14.96 
5.11 
12 
99.14 
• 
99. 3f 
97. «■ 
PORTLAND-CEMENT INDUSTRY IN ALABAMA. 
In the preceding section Doctor Smith has given a very detailed 
account of the character and distribution of the cement materials ol 
Alabama. It will be noted that these Alabama deposits, particularly 
the chalk beds of the Cretaceous, possess many economic advantage! 
over most of the limestones which occur near the Atlantic seaboard 
These may be briefly stated as follows: 
(1) The Selma chalk deposits of the Cretaceous are in general o 
almost exactly proper composition for the manufacture of Portland 
cement, requiring the addition of little or no clay. This correctnes 
of composition will materially reduce the cost of manufacture. Th 
St. Stephens limestone of the Eocene is not so near to ideal composi 
tion as the Selma chalk, but will still prove to be a very satisfactory 
cement material when used in combination with the overlying Gran< 
Gulf clays. 
(2) As shown on the accompanying map, coal of good quality occur 
within a reasonable distance of the cement beds. As the coal used i 
boilers and kilns will amount to 60 to 70 per cent of the weight c 
cement produced, a supply of fuel at low prices is an important eh 
ment in the success of a cement plant. 
(3) Labor is abundant and cheap in the Alabama cement district. 
