_ I 
102 CEMENT MA1ERIALS AND INDUSTRY. [bull. 2431 
Feet. 
:!. Massive, very siliceous, dull-blue argillaceous chalk marl. This bed con- 
tain- more than twice as much sand and nearly three times as much clay 
as the overlying bed Xo. 2. The rock is quite friable and weathers in 
recesses beneath the siliceous chalk 8 
4. Bluish, sandy, chalky marl, containing great numbers of the fossils shell 
Gryphsea vesicularis. Except for the abundant fossils this rock would be 
classed with No. 3, though it is probably slightly more sandy 
5. Bluish, sandy, chalky marl, gradually increasing in sandiness from the top 
downward to the level of the river 31 
The lower 30 to 35 feet of the white chalk of 1 is freshly exposed in 
• ■ quarry. 
The top of the bluish- white chalk of 2 forms the bench beneath the 
marry and occurs at the base of the bluff southeast of the landing. 
The sandy chalk members 3, 4, and 5 rise gradually northward 
from the lower part of the cliff and are found in the highland between! 
the villages of Whitecliffs and Brownstown. 
One-half mile west of Doctor Coats's house, in the NW. i sec. 23, T, 
11 S., K. i >( .> W., bed No. 4 is exposed at the top of the bluff and belo 
it is the following section, well shown in deep gullies down to th 
level of the valley: 
Section of marl below th Whitecliffs chalk. 
1. Sandy, chalky marl. Dull bluish when not weathered, becoming grayish 
or whitish yellow after long exposure. It contains numerous specimens 
of the large oyster Exogyra pond< rosa, besides Ostrea larva and many other 
fossils common to the Upper Cretaceous marls. The upper half of this 
member is No. 5, at the 1 tase of the cliff at Whitecliffs Landing 
2. Blue clay marl containing some large oysters as above, and less lime than 
N< ». 1 . and much more clay 
3. Dark-blue gritty greensand marl with scattering smooth round pebbles of 
black and white quartz 1 inch and less in diameter 
4. Blue clay marl down to the level of the bottom land, exposed 
This section is about 2 miles north-northeast of the chalk cliff whicl 
is in the NW. i sec. 35, and the sandy marl bed, which is here about 
LOO feet above the river, is at the water level at the cliff. This mad 
bed with the associated marls and chalks above, which are conform- 
able with it. dips toward the southeast at the rate of about 50 feet per 
mile. The base of the chalk at the north side of the chalk area is fully 
50 feet above the river bottom. At the south side, a mile distant, it 
is at the level of the bottom. There may be local variations in the dip 
of the beds, but the general dip is estimated to be nearly 50 feet per 
mile toward the southeast. 
SALINE LANDING AREA. 
The chalk of this area extends with practically continuous exposure 
from the chalk bluff at Saline Landing, in the south half of sec. 35, T. 
11 S., R. 28 YY\. to sec. 14, T. 11 S.. K. 27 W.. and is about 7 miles in 
