ECKEL. ] 
IOWA. 
155 
Of the three series into which the Carboniferous has been divided, 
two — the Mississippian and the Pennsylvania!! — are represented in 
this State. The Mississippian may be divided into the Kinderhook, 
Osage, and St. Louis, each containing important limestone beds. The 
Pennsylvanian includes the Des Moines formation (lower Coal Meas- 
ures) and the Missourian (upper Coal Measures). The lower Coal 
Measures includes most of the coal beds worked in the State, but very 
little limestone. The formation outcrops in a broad belt between the 
limestones of the Mississippian series to the east and the calcareous 
shales and thin limestones of the Missourian formation. 
The general distribution of the Mississippian, Des Moines, and 
Missourian beds is shown on the accompanying general map. The 
details as to character, thickness, etc., in any area may be learned in 
the appropriate county reports/' 
KINDERHOOK LIMESTONE. 
DISTRIBUTION. 
The Kinderhook forms the lowermost division of the Carboniferous 
of this State. It consists for the most part of a soft argillaceous shale, 
which is exposed to a thickness of 60 feet at Burlington/' Above the 
shale are about 50 feet of sandstone and limestone belonging also to 
the Kinderhook. In general, the beds are not well exposed, and in 
the southern area of outcrop are not likely to be of importance in 
cement manufacture, except as a source of clay to be mixed with the 
overlying Burlington limestones. Farther north, in Marshall County, 
there is an extensive development of limestone. The rock is quarried 
at Le Grande. 
COMPOSITION. 
The following analyses, by G. E. Patrick, indicate that a consider- 
able portion of the Kinderhook limestone is suitable for cement 
manufacture. 
a Reports upon counties in which the Carboniferous rocks are important will be found in the vol- 
umes of the Iowa geological survey, as follows: 
Appanoose, 5, 361-438. 
Boone, 5, 175-240. 
Dallas, 8, 51-118. 
Decatur, 8, 255-338. 
Des Moines, 3, 409-492. 
Fremont and Mills, 13, 123-183. 
Guthrie, 7, 413-488. 
Hardin, 10, 241-314. 
Henry, 12, 237-302. 
Humboldt, 9, 109-154. 
Jefferson, 12, 355-438. 
Keokuk, 4, 255-312. 
Lee, 3, 305-408. 
Louisa, 11, 55-126. 
Madison, 7, 489-510. 
&Weller, Stuart, Iowa Geol. Survey, vol. 10, p. 65. 
Mahaska, 4, 313-380. 
Marion, 11, 127-198. 
Marshall, 7, 197-262. 
Mills and Fremont, 13, 123-183. 
Monroe, 13, 353-433. 
Montgomery, 4, 381-452. 
Page, 11, 397-460. 
Polk, 7, 263-412. 
Pottawattamie, 11, 199-278. 
Story, 9, 155-246. 
Van Buren, 4, 197-254. 
Wapello, 12, 439-499. 
Warren, 5, 301-360. 
Washington, 5, 113-174. 
Webster, 12, 62-191. 
