eckel.] KANSAS. 105 
TRANSPORTATION. 
The relations to transportation lines are perhaps sufficiently indi- 
cated by the map (PL V). It may be noticed that there are several 
promising; localities along the Mississippi where that river could be 
utilized directly and would, in addition, act as a regulator to railway 
lines. The main railway lines of Iowa run either east-west or south- 
east-northwest, and much of the freight originating in the State, 
aside from agricultural products, moves to the north and west. 
Markets. — Any ce«ment plant which may be established would find a 
ready market in the same direction. Iowa itself a fiords a very con- 
siderable market for cement, and an Iowa cement plant would have 
considerable advantage in reaching an important and growing market 
to the north and west. 
PORTLAND-CEMENT RESOURCES OF KANSAS.^ 
PORTLAND-CEMENT MATERIALS. 
Limestones of economic importance occur in Kansas in four different 
geologic groups, as follows: (1) Mississippian, (2) Coal Measures, 
(3) Permian, (4) Cretaceous. 
Of these, the Coal Measures limestones are at present of most impor- 
tance, and are the only ones now in use as Portland-cement materials. 
The Cretaceous chalky limestones would be valuable cement materials 
if fuel supply and markets were nearer. The limestones of the Per- 
mian are of little present or prospective importance; but those of 
the Mississippian are most promising. 
MISSISSIPPIAN ("LOWER CARBONIFEROUS ") LIMESTONES. 
j The Mississippian rocks of Kansas occur only in one small area in 
the extreme southeastern corner of the State, about 30 square miles 
in Cherokee County being covered by rocks of this age. The series 
is made up of limestones, with inter bedded cherts, and a few beds of 
shale. The limestones are usually heavily bedded and low in magnesia. 
The limestone quarries in the Lower Carboniferous are described 
by Ha worth as follows: b 
In the southeastern part of the State a small amount of quarrying is done in 
the sub-Carboniferous limestone at and near Galena. This limestone is a highly 
crystalline one, very compact in character, light blue in color, and occurs in heavy 
layers, so that large dimension stone could be obtained from it were the quarries 
operated for that purpose. It is the same rock in every respect, both as to geologic 
age and general character, that is so extensively quarried at Carthage and other 
aThe data relative to the distribution and composition of Kansas limestones is quoted, in large 
part, from descriptions given in the "Mineral Resources of Kansas for 1897," a publication issued by 
,the Kansas State Geological Survey. 
l> Mineral Resources of Kansas, 1897, pp. 73-74. 
