:i„ [ 
KANSAS. 
107 
Other places furnish quantities of stone, the output of which would be greatly 
Increased if the demand were sufficienl to justify the extensive operation of quarries. 
Generally, however, it is principally a local demand, for which no statistics can be 
gathered, but which in the aggregate amounts to many thousands of dollars. 
Still farther west a limestone exists which is remarkable in many of its properties, 
permitting it to be successfully quarried for all kinds of dimension stone wherever 
J t comes to the surface. It is known commercially as the Cottonwood Falls lime- 
stone, because such large quantities have been shipped from Cottonwood Falls and 
Strong City to so many points within and without the State. The same rock has 
been quarried at a dozen or more places to the north of Cottonwood Falls, such as 
jRskridge, Alma, Manhattan, Beattie, and a number of other places. This limestone 
Is not very thick, averaging from 5 to 8 feet, and generally consists of two individual 
layers, known in the markets as the "upper" and the " lower." The rock from the 
wo layers differs slightly in quality, the lower one generally producing the best 
stone. Its most valuable properties are two — almost perfect uniformity of texture 
;hroughout, and the absence of vertical fissures. It is white or light cream in color, 
ine and noncrystalline in texture, and well rilled with the little rice-grain-like 
nvertebrate fossil, Fusulina cylindrica. The color is so uniform that when the stone 
s placed in a building the general color effect is very pleasing and satisfactory. The 
ibsenceof vertical fissures and the uniformity of texture throughout make it possible 
;o obtain dimension blocks of any size desired, which can be worked with perfect 
iniformity. These qualities make it by all odds the most desirable and therefore 
ihe most extensively used stone in the State. Large buildings are erected from it 
entirely, and many others partly constructed from the same rock. The different 
juarries, so widely separated, make it possible for a large community to use it with- 
>ut paying excessive freight. 
From this Cottonwood Falls limestone the following important buildings are con- 
structed: Snow Hall, and the stone trimmings of the main building, University of 
Kansas, Lawrence; the Methodist Episcopal Church, Lawrence; the Rock island 
lepot, Topeka; the Santa Fe depots at Ottawa, Wellington, and elsewhere; and a 
lumber of other depot buildings along the lines of the different railways in Kansas. 
In addition to the above-mentioned uses, the different railroads in the State use 
he Cottonwood Falls limestone for bridge building and other construction purposes, 
his is true to so great an extent that many thousands of dollars' worth of dimension 
tone are annually supplied the different Kansas lines for use in this State and else- 
where, much of it being shipped outside of the State. 
Analyses of Coal Measures limestones from 'Kansas." 
No. 
Silica (SiOo). 
Alumina 
(AloO.,) and- 
iron oxide 
(Fe 2 3 ). 
Lime car- 
bonate 
(Ca< :<>.,). 
Magnesium 
carbonate 
(Mg( •();,. 
Sulphur 
trioxide 
(SO,). 
1 
2 
1.53 
1.99 
3.79 
2.75 
2.63 
4.30 
.61 
1.75 
1.21 
1.07 
5.91 
1.76 
.81 
1.51 
94. 12 
95. 20 
93. 20 
91.02 
94.10 
92. 76 
97. 32 
2.72 
1.10 
1.01 
.14 
.54 
.95 
.32 
3 
4 
5 
0.20 
6 
7 
.23 
.43 
a From Mineral Resources <>! Kansas, 1897, pp. 77-7M. 
