244 
CEMENT MATERIALS AND INDUSTRY. 
I kill. U43. 
The method of quarrying at the Alpha quarry is to drill across the 
strata with steam drills and break down the rock with dynamite an 
load it on mine cars with a steam shovel. These cars arc then hauled 
up an inclined railroad by a cable. Four tracks are in use at Alpha, 
two for each mill. In practice it is found necessary to bring up the 
lime content by the addition of limestone brought from Pennsylvania, 
In 1894 the directorate of the Vulcanite Paving Company, of Phi 
delphia, in order to be assured of an adequate supply of first-qual 
cement to use in certain paving work, commenced the erection of 
plant close to the Alpha works. The original mill had 5 rotary kilns 
Later No. 2 mill, with 6 kilns, was erected. Finally an additiona 
factory of 10 more kilns was installed, and the company has increaal 
its holdings of cement-rock land to 250 acres. 
The output to date is given as follows: 
Production of cement at plant of Vulcanite Paving Company at Alpha, N. J. 
Barrels. 
1895 (6 months) 14, 000 
1896 60, 000 
1897 125,000 
1898 218, 000 
1899 513,000 
Harr 
690, 
or 
' 
1900 
1901 rzr> 
1902 975, ■§ 
1903 1,460,1 
Two quarries, entirely independent of each other, are operated 
pits. The rock, broken down by dynamite, is hoisted and convejj 
by wire-cable tramways to the mills. Two independent cable wa 
are operated at each pit. 
The plant of the Edison Portland Cement Company was puo 
operation in October, 1903. The quarries are about 2 miles from i 
works and are connected therewith by a standard-gage railroad. T 
cement rock and limestone occur in close proximity . The rock inn 
general way resembles that of the quarries already mentioned, althouj 
of course the excavations are not nearly so extensive as yet. A rathi|l 
radical departure from quarrying methods is being inaugurated in t 
form of a movable roof over each quarry. This is made of corrugat 
iron placed on light steel frames resting on wheels which in turn rjf 
on a T-rail track. By thus covering the quarry it is intended to woj-: i 
it in all weathers, the roof being moved as quarrying proceeds. Aftrj itil 
the rock is blown down it is loaded into cars with steam shovels. 1 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NEW JERSEY CEMENT. 
Eckel, E. C. Cement-rock deposits of the Lehigh district, Pennsylvania^ 
Jersey. Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 225, pp. 448-450. 1904. 
Hamilton, S. H. The cement industry [in New Jersey, 1903]. Ann. Kept. S 
Geologist, N. J. for 1903, pp. 112-118. 
