kel.1 NEW YORK. 245 
Ijmmel, H. B. Report on the Portland cement industry [in New Jersey]. Ann. 
Rept. State Geologist for 1900, pp. 9-101. 
kwis, F. H. The Vulcanite Portland Cement Company's works, Vulcanite, N. J. 
Engineering Record, May 6, 1899, "Cement Industry," pp. 96-106. 1900. 
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Rept. N. J. State Geol., 548 pp. 1904. 
Inonymous.] Edison Portland Cement Company. Iron Age, Dec. 24, 1903. 
| Visit to plant of Edison Portland Cement Company. Engineering News, 
May 29, 1902. 
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vol. 48, pp. 796-802. Dec. 26, 1903. 
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News, vol. 50, pp. 555-559. 1903. 
PORTLAND-CEMENT RESOURCES OF NEW YORK. 
PORTLAND-CEMENT MATERIALS. 
The State of New York now ranks fourth in the production of 
H'tland cement in the United States. The extensive series of lime- 
Mies which outcrop within its borders, and its excellent local markets 
r cement and cement products, will probably enable it to improve 
i rank as a Portland-cement producer very materially within the 
;xt few years. 
Of the many different limestone formations which outcrop in New 
ork State, five are of such thickness, areal extent, and chemical com- 
)sition as to be worth considering as sources of Portland-cement 
iterial. Many other limestones occur in the State, but these others 
ay be disregarded here as being usually too thin, of improper chem- 
il composition, or too badly located with regard to transportation 
utes, markets, or sources of fuel supply. 
The five available limestones noted above, in their geologic order, 
e as follows: 
Marls Quaternary. 
Tully limestone Devonian. 
Helderberg limestones Silurian and Devonian. 
Trenton limestone Lower Silurian (Qrdovician). 
Chazy limestone Lower Silurian (Ordovician). 
All of these limestones except the first (Chazy) are at present 
:ilized in Portland-cement manufacture in New York State. 
The character and distribution of the five limestone groups above 
)ted will now be described separate^ in the order in which they are 
sted above. PI. X shows the actual distribution in New York State 
the first four limestone groups. The Quaternary marls are widely 
stributed throughout the State, but occur usually in small deposits, 
or this reason marl deposits are not shown on this map, except in 
ich cases as are known to be of workable size. 
