:l.| 
SOUTH DAKOTA, TENNESSEE. 
301 
NIOBRARA CHALK. 
I In the eastern part of South Dakota, and more particularly in the 
ktreme southeastern part of the State, the Niobrara chalk furnishes 
Ii excellent raw material for Portland cement manufacture. The 
imposition and stratigraphy of these rocks have been discussed in 
Hail under Iowa (p. 147), and need not be taken up again here. Todd 
iates that the chalk is well exposed in numerous bluffs along the 
Missouri River from Yankton to Chamberlain, while it also outcrops 
I smaller isolated elsewhere in the district. 
PORTLAND CEMENT INDUSTRY IN SOUTH DAKOTA. 
The Western Portland Cement Company, whose plant is located a 
Iw miles from Yankton, has employed the Niobrara chalk and the 
rerlying Pierre clay as raw materials. The original plant was a wet 
rocess mill, with stationary kilns of the Johnson type, but these have 
pen replaced by rotary kilns. Analyses of the raw materials follow: 
Analyst* of Portland cement materia/*, Yankton, S. Dak. 
Chalk. 
lica (Si0 2 ) 3. 83 
umina (A1 2 3 ) 2. 31 
on oxide ( Fe 2 3 ) 
me(CaO) 52.16 
agnesia (MgO ) .14 
lphur trioxide (S0 3 ) .20 
irbon dioxide (CO,) 41. 64 
ater 
Clav. 
4. 14 
1.81 
2. 72 
51 00 
Tr. 
.50 
37.99 
n. d. 
61.53 
20. 74 
4. 01 
5.2S 
1.72 
1.26 
3. 09 
n. d. 
57.98 
18.26 
4.57 
1.57 
1 . 83 
1.28 
n. d. 
12.08 
C. B. McVay, analyist. 
3. Mineral industry, vol. 1, p. 52. 
Mineral industry, vol. 6, p. 97 
PORTLAND CEMENT RESOURCES OF TENNESSEE. 
. By E. O. Ulrich. 
Limestones and shales that probably have the chemical composition 
id other properties required in the manufacture of Portland cement 
:cur abundantly in eastern and middle Tennessee. In eastern Ten- 
issee the more promising materials and localities are confined to the 
'eat Appalachian Valley, in which numerous large and easily quarried 
itcrops of nonmagnesian upper Ordovician limestones and shales 
termite with generally much wider bands of dolomitic lower Ordo- 
t cian limestone and Cambrian shales, sandstones, and limestones. 
