Rindlb.] FAIRBANKS REGION. 71 
,000 feet below the ridges which hound it unsymmetrically on either 
ide. The ridge to the southeast is about 2,000 feet above sea level. 
vith short spurs which descend rather abruptly from it to the creek. 
The ridge to the northwest is about U miles back from the creek; it 
eparates the drainage of the Pedro from that of other tributaries of 
he Chatanika and culminates in Pedro Dome. 2,585 feet high. Long, 
>road, timbered spurs slope gradually from this ridge toward the 
reek and merge smoothly into the valley Moor, which is in places 
leveloped to a width of several hundred feet. The stream, which is 
i small one, carrying usually about L'OO inches of water, follows an 
rregular course over a willow-covered surface and has a fall of 100 
feet or less to the mile. There are several short tributaries from the 
vest which enter the main creek through narrow valleys, V shaped in 
ross section. Twin Creek, the most important one, has its rise in the 
ivide which separates it from Fairbanks Creek, and has a length of 
ibout 3 miles. 
A light growth of spruce, poplar, and some birch suitable for fuel 
ind cabin material covers the slopes, but there is only an occasional 
tree large enough for mining purposes. Grass grows abundantly 
3n the upper portion of the northwest side of the valley. 
The wagon road to the town of Fairbanks leaves Pedro Creek at 
the mouth of Gilmore Creek; another wagon road follows Gold 
Stream and traverses the lower country to Chena, on the Tanana 
River, about 19 miles from Pedro Creek. There are also wagon roads 
and pack trails to Fairbanks and Cleary creeks. There is a road 
house at the mouth of Gilmore Creek', and a picturesque collection of 
cabins, tents, road houses, and saloons is located at the mouth of Twin 
Creek. The population of this place in 1904 was about 75. 
Cleary Creel'. — The opposite side of the ridge which bounds Pedro 
Creek on the northwest is drained by several small tributaries of the 
Chatanika. The sources of one of these, Cleary Creek, are nearly 
opposite those of Pedro Creek. Cleary Creek is about 8 miles long; 
for about 3 miles it flows northeast, then bends gradually to the west 
and flows in a direction nearly at right angles to its former course, a 
distance of about 5 miles, to the Chatanika. The creek is a small one, 
carrying ordinarily from 100 to 200 inches of water; the quantity 
may vary, however, under extreme conditions from less than 50 to 
over 400 inches. There is a fall of about 100 feet to the mile in the 
upper portion of the valley. The valley at the head is rather openly 
V shaped; lower down there is a gradually sloping bench several 
hundred feet wide between the stream and the foot of the ridge on the 
west; below the bend the valley attains a width of 1,000 feet or more 
before it merges into that of the Chatanika. The stream above the 
bend flows close to the east side of the valley; below the bend it keeps 
