•fiiNDLE] FAIRBANKS REGION. 77 
tvere sunk to bed rock in March, 1903, to depths of 25, 20, 10. and 12 
feet. A bed-rock drain 740 feet long was constructed and about 
2,000 cubic yards of dirt worked out by ground sluicing and shovcl- 
ng in. In 190-1 work was continued here along the same lines. 
The ground on Gold Stream is 30 feet or more in depth. Work 
was being done on several claims. Pay is found there, but the results 
lo not seem to have been sufficiently attractive under present condi- 
ions to lead to active development. It is probable that as conditions 
mprove considerable work will be done in this portion of the valley. 
Wages w r ere ostensibly $10 a day during 1904. The gold, how 
ver, Avas often given a higher value on the creeks than at the stores, 
where it was accepted in trade at $16 per ounce, and a man would 
i>ften find his wages had less than $10 worth of purchasing power. 
The winter freight rate to Pedro Creek averaged about 2 cents a 
pound ; the summer rate during the latter part of the season of 1901 
was 10 cents a pound. 
Cleary Greek. — Insufficient work had been done on Cleary Creek 
ind its tributaries in 1903 to determine the average depth or value of 
the ground. It was known to be deep and, in a few places, at least, to 
arry good values. Since that time the depth to bed rock on Cleary 
Creek has been found to vary from 14 to over 80 feet. Twenty-nine 
holes, scattered irregularly along the creek from near the head to 
within 2 miles of the mouth and laterally to a distance of 000 feet 
from the creek, gave an average depth of over 50 feet. The material 
consists of muck, barren gravels, and pay dirt. Muck has been 
found to a depth of over 50 feet. The gravels, including the pay 
dirt, have an average thickness of about 20 feet, and, like those of 
Pedro Creek, are composed mostly of rather angular fragments of 
^uartzite-schist and mica-schist. A considerable proportion of mas- 
sive hornblende-garnet rock is found in them below the bend. Bowl- 
ders are uncommon, but a few r of vein quartz up to 5 feet in diameter 
are found. The yellow clay is generally found in the lower portion of 
the gravels, where also is found the pay. The thickness of the pay 
gravels varies from 1 to 7 feet and averages about 3 feet. Gold is also 
found to a depth of H to 4 feet in the bed rock. The width over 
which gold is found in workable quantities has been determined in a 
few instances and is found to vary from 35 to 150 feet. The fact 
seems to be rather well established that the pay streak is a wide one. 
It is located on the low bench on the west side of the creek above the 
bend and below the bend on the opposite or north side of the creek. 
There are generally two grades of gold, a flat variety, which occur- 
in small pieces up to a quarter of an inch or more in diameter and 
constitutes the bulk of the production, and a coarse variety, which is 
generally rather well worn and frequently has an oxidized surface. 
One nugget has been found worth $233. Values in the pay dirt 
