PitiNDLE.] FAIRBANKS REGION,, 83 
dumping hoist, and a trolley. About 250 thirty-pan buckets were 
handled in ten hours. The gravel is difficult to wash on account of 
the clay. Six boxes were in use, including the mud box. They were 
set with a grade of 10 inches to 12 feet. The mud box and platform 
were elevated about 12 feet above the ground. Pole riffles were used. 
A dam had been constructed which raised the water i> feet and a ditch 
900feet inlength brought water to the ground which was beingworked 
A modification of the steam-point method was in use on No. 3 B. 
The points were started with water and this was said to greatly 
reduce the time required in thawing. A pump was used here to ele- 
vate about 1 sluice head of water a height of 14 feet. Much work had 
been done on No. 5 B. The depth to bed rock is 36 feet and pay had 
been located over a width of 150 feet, partly in the stream and partly 
in the bench gravels. The gradually increasing width of the valley 
and depth of the deposit, which on No. 10 B is 00 feet, renders the 
work more expensive, and development has proceeded more slowly 
in this lower portion of the valley. 
Some lumber had been obtained from the flat at the mouth of Fish 
Creek, but the supply there is limited. Wood for fuel was obtained 
from the northern slope of the valley and delivered on the ground. 
It brought as high as $10 a cord. The distance from the town of 
Fairbanks to Discovery claim is about 25 miles and the freight rates 
were about 3 cents a pound during the winter and 20 to 25 cents a 
pound during the summer. 
SUMMARY. 
As appears from the descriptions the conditions are practically 
the same on Pedro, Cleary, and Fairbanks creeks. The valleys are 
all rather open and sunk to a depth of about 1,200 feet below the 
ridges. All are limited on the one side by a steep slope and on 
the other by an indistinct bench of considerable width, and all 
carry about the same amount of water, which in dry seasons will 
probably be short of the demand. The growth of timber in all is 
about the same, and all are dependent on the lover valleys of the 
larger streams for sluice-box lumber. There is some horse feed along 
the creeks, and grass grows abundantly on the timbered ridge along 
the trail from Pedro Creek to the town of Fairbanks, where, in L903, 
it was found in good condition as late as September 11. There 
is^good feed in portions of the Tanana Valley, and the agricultural 
possibilities of the region are still largely untried. 
The rock most common on all of the creeks and the divides 
between them is quartzite-schist belonging to the Birch Creek forma- 
tion; porphyritic granite and gneiss occur locally; a rock composed 
essentially of hornblende and garnet occurs on the west side of Cleary 
Creek. The gravels on all of the creeks are apparently derived 
