CULMIKATIO]>r AND ELONGATION OF POLARIS. 
19 
B. To refer to miy calendar day other than the first and fifteenth of 
each month: Subtract the quantities below from the tabular quantity 
for the PRECEDING DATE. 
Day of month. 
Minutes. 
Number of 
days 
elapsed. 
2 or 16 
3.9 
1 
3 17 
7.9 
2 
4 18 
11.8 
3 
5 19 
15.8 
4 
6 20 
19. 7 
5 
7 21 
23.6 
6 
8 22 
27.6 
7 
9 23 
31.5 
8 
10 24 
35.5 
9 
11 25 
39.4 
10 
12 26 
43.3 
11 
13 27 
47.3 
12 
14 28 
51.2 
13 
29 
55.2 
14 
30 
59.1 
15 
31 
6.3.0 
16 
C. To refer the tahle to standard time and to the civil or common 
method of reckoning: 
if) Add to the tabular quantities four minutes for every degree of 
longitude the place is west of the standard meridian, and subtract 
when the place is east of the standard meridian. 
(*) The astronomical day begins twelve hours after the civil day, i. e., 
begins at noon on the civil day of the same date, and is reckoned from 
to 2-i hours. Consequently an astronomical time less than twelve 
hours refers to the same civil day, whereas an astronomical time greater 
than twelve hours refers to the morning of the next civil day. 
It will be noticed that for the tabular year two eastern elongations 
occur on January 12 and two western elongations on July 12. There 
are also two upper culminations on April 12 and two lower cuhnina- 
tions on October 12. The lower culmination either follows or pre- 
cedes the upper culmination by 11*" 58™. 1. 
D. To refer to any other than the tabular latitude hetioeen the limits 
of %5^ and 50^ north: Add to the time of west elongation 0™.13 for 
every degree south of 40^, and subtract from the time of west elonga- 
tion 0"M8 for every degree north of 40^. Reverse these operations 
for correcting times of east elongation. 
