156 CORUNDUM, ITS OCCURRENCE: AND DISTRIBUTION. 
These emeries Aary considerably in appearance. The Giunnsh 
Dagh is usually in fine grains and of a dark-blue to purplish color, 
and is similar to some varieties of magnetite. The interior of the 
masses of this emery are usually free from micaceous inclusions that 
are common to many emeries. The Kulah emery is coarser grained 
and much darker in color than the Gumush Dagh, and on its external 
surface it resembles sometimes the mineral chromite. 
GRECIAN ARCHIPELAGO. 
In a number of the islands of this archipelago emery has been 
found in considerable quantity. The most important of these local- 
ities is the island of Naxos, where the emery is found in large blocks 
more or less mixed with the red soil and also embedded in white marble. 
The deposits are located principally on the north and east sides of the 
island, the best ore being obtained from Vothrie, which is 9 miles from 
the coast. Another one of the better deposits on this island is at 
Apperonthos, which is 7 miles from the coast. In the southern part 
of the island the emery is found near Yasso. It occurs in such 
abundance on the island, in loose bowlders and in the soil, that there 
has been little need to mine it in the hard rock. 
On the island of Nicaria, emery has been found in quality equal to 
that from Naxos, but the (luaiitity is not so great. A little was also 
found on the island of Samos. In all these islands the emery occurs 
in a limestone. 
The Naxos emery is dark gray in color, with a mottled surface, and 
has small particles of a micaceous mineral disseminated through it. 
It often contains bluish particles of corundum that are readily recog- 
nized. Emery from the island of Nicaria sometimes presents a 
schistose or laminated structure, some of the specimens at times 
resembling certain gneisses. Its color is dark blue, and it is some- 
times mottled like the Naxos emery. A compact variety is also found 
at this locality. There is in the schistose variety a considerable 
amount of micaceous mineral, Avhich is readily observed. The emei'v 
from the island of Samos is of uniformly dark-blue color and is 
found in both coarse-grained and fine-grained varieties. 
The mining of the emery is of the simplest character. Because of 
the great abundance of the ore that Avas found eml)edded in the soil 
and as loose bowlders it Avas many years before it Avas necessary to do 
much exploration of the rocks themselves. Blocks of ore, Avhen not 
too large, are transported in their natural condition to the coast, but 
frequently they haA^e to be broken, and Avhen too large for this to be 
done Avith hammers they are heated for several hours, and then, on 
(tooling, they usually yield to the bloAvs of the hammer. Another 
method of breaking these large blocks is after heating to cool them 
suddenly Avith water. 
