DISTRIBUTION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 157 
The shipping point of the emery from all these localities is Smyrna, 
and, as it is nsually taken as ballast, the cost of transportation is very 
low. Thus the actual cost of the emery laid down on the docks in a 
foreign port is about 1 cent per pound. This is one reason why there 
is such close competition between this emery and that of the United 
States. 
OTHER LOCALITIES. 
Corundum has been found sparingly at many other localities, but 
thus far it has not been found in quantity sufficient to make the occur- 
rences of economic importance as a source of abrasive material. 
The occurrence of sapphire corundum in Burma, Ceylon, and Siam 
has been mentioned on pages 98 and 155. 
McMahon '^ has described sapphires from the Himalayas which 
were found in the southeast portion of the territories of the Maharaja 
of Kashmis, called Padar, on the borders of Zanskas. The corundum 
of blue and white colors occurs in a vein in crystalline rocks. 
Lacroix, in a paper ^ on the metamorphic and eruptive rocks of 
Ariege, France, mentions the occurrence of corundum in the marbles 
of Mercus and jlrignac. In a second paper ^' on acid inclusions in the 
volcanic rocks of the Auvergne, France, corundum is said to occur 
frequently in the granites and gneisses of this section. He has also 
described the occurrence of this mineral in the basalts, trachytes, and 
andesites in Haute-Loire, France.^ 
Salomon^ has described the occurrence of corundum in phyllites. 
epidote-amphibolites, and mica-schists at Mount Aviolo, in the 
southern Alps. It occurs but sparingly in these rocks. 
Heddle f has noted the occurrence of sapphire at Clashnaree Hill, 
in Clova, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. The mineral occurs sparingly 
with red andalusite in veins in a schistose rock. 
Dana^ mentions the occurrence of corundum near Canton, China; 
in Bohemia, near Petschau ; at St. Gotthard, in dolomite ; near Mozzo, 
in Piedmont, in white compact feldspar; and at Mudgee, New 
South Wales. 
In the dune sands on the west coast of Holland, at Scheveningen, 
near The Hague, corundum has been found by Retgers '' to be one of 
its constituents. 
« Mineral. Mag., vol. 7, 1886-87, p. 12. 
''Bull. Serv. Carte geol. France, No. 11, vol. 2; and Am. Naturalist, Feb., 1891, pp. 
138-139. 
'^ Loc. cit. 
''Bull. Soc. mineral., vol. 13, 1890, pp. 100-106. 
"Jour. Deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. 42, 1890, p. 450; and Am. Naturalist, 1891, pp. 571, 
572. 
r Mineral. Mag., vol. 9, 1890-91, p. 389. 
» Mineralogy, 6th ed., 1892, p. 212. 
^ Recueil trav. chim. Pays-Bas, vol. 11, 1892, p. 169 ; and Am. Naturalist, 1893, p. 382. 
