TACONIC PHYSIOGRAPHY. 
By T. Nelson Dale. 
INTRODUCTION. 
The Taconic and Green Mountain ranges often pass together under 
the general name of the Green Mountains, although they are topo- 
graphically and geologically distinct. The Taconic Range lies west 
of the Green Mountain Range, beginning near the Rutland-Addison 
County line in the northern half of Vermont and extending south- 
southwesterly about 200 miles to the Hudson in Dutchess County, 
N. Y. 
The part of the Taconic Range here considered is embraced between 
latitudes 42° 13' 30" and 43° 50', extending from a point west of the 
village of Great Barrington, in Berkshire County, Mass., to the north- 
ern end of the range, a half mile south of the Rutland and Addison 
County line in Vermont, a distance of about 113 miles. The accom- 
panying relief and rock map (PL I), however, includes some adja- 
cent territory, extending from longitude 73° to 73° 45' in its southern 
half and to 73° 30' in its northern half, and from latitude 42° 13' 30" 
to 44°, covering in all about 3,044 square miles situated in the counties 
of Berkshire, Mass., of Columbia, Rensselaer, Washington, and Essex, 
N. Y., and of Bennington, Rutland, and Addison, Vt. 
Of this area the rock surface of about 3,075 square miles has been 
carefully studied during the last nineteen years by the writer, with the 
assistance of W. H. Hobbs in 1880 and 1887, L. M. Prindle from 1893 
to 1897, Florence Bascom in 1895, F. H. Moffit from 1895 to 1902, 
and N. C. Dale in 1903. That study has made clear some facts relat- 
ing to rock material and rock structure which throw light on the chief 
factors in the production of the present surface features, and the 
| writer purposes here to set forth these facts and relations. Some 
rock boundaries and areas along the flank of the Green Mountain 
Range in Massachusetts, taken from the contributions of Wolif and 
Hobbs to Monograph XXIII and to the Taconic folio, and some along 
the west shore of Lake Champlain from Kemp's contribution to the 
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