EFFECTS OF EROSION. 41 
which has caused the watershed of the Hudson to advance eastward 
';>n the Taconic Range, just as that of the Connecticut has worked 
westward on the Green Mountain Range. The crest of this particu- 
lar mass lias many small saddles, due to erosion by lateral streams. 
Where erosion is equal on opposite sides and the underlying soluble 
rock occurs at a high level, there result such relations as those south- 
outhwest of Mount Equinox in Sandgate, where the limestone has 
become exposed in irregular strips, possibly corresponding to minor 
anticlines, with intervening schist strips, perhaps corresponding to 
minor synclines. By continued erosion from the east and the west 
these limestone strips would eventually merge into one another, and 
a" limestone saddle would be formed like that which constitute- the 
divide between Mount Equinox and Bear Mountain. In Bear 
Mountain itself sculpture has occurred toward the east. west, and 
II north, but in Grass. Dorset, and Woodlawn mountains sculpture has 
proceeded toward all four points of the compass, and has conse- 
quent ly resulted in the formation of very irregular spurs. In Dorset 
Mountain only the three longer southerly spurs have any structural 
significance. 
'01 
oi TLIERS. 
A still later stage of erosion is seen in the pyramidal mass of Mount 
Anthony, in Bennington, and yet a more advanced one in Green Teak. 
south of Dorset Mountain, in which a triangular schist cap. about a 
square mile in area and from 750 to 1,150 feet thick, is all that is left 
of the mass which once tilled the Vermont Valley and connected 
Dorset and Equinox mountains. This is properly an outlier — i. e.. 
a part of the overlying formation isolated by dissection. Two such 
schist outliers occur between Bennington and Hoosick; another lies 
in Alford, west of Tom Ball; another constitutes Maple Hill, north 
of the latter. The 4 synclinal schist hills, Ragged and Sugar Loaf 
mountains, belong here. Bird Mountain, if the remnant of an exten- 
sive formation and not a local deposit, would be an outlier also. 
The two quartzite areas on the Green Mountain Range, east and 
southeast of Bennington, and the dolomite areas east of Brandon and 
Lake Dunmore, are also outliers. The shred-like remnants of schist 
and shale overlying the limestone of the Berkshire and Champlain 
valleys owe their peculiar forms to structure and erosion. 
[NLIERS. 
; r The same process which leaves isolated masses of the overlying 
formation may expose such masses of the underlying one. without 
reference to their relative hardness or structure. The limestone areas 
in Pawlet and Pownal were formed in this way; also that in 
