.- 
42 TACONIC PHYSIOGRAPHY. 
Cheshire. This last is now regarded as an anticline refolded into 
syncline, but in Monograph XXIII was represented as a syncline 
an overlying limestone. A very small inlier in New Ashford w 
described in detail in Appendix B of the same monograph. The 
are two inliers of pre-Cambrian gneiss on the Green Mountain Raii£ 
one in Sunderland, the other in Pownal, formed by the erosion of t 
overlying Cambrian quartzite and schist. 
ANTICLINAL VALLEYS. 
De la Noe and de Margerie a show that anticlinal valleys of soft 
soluble rocks may have been produced by the simple denudation 
the top of the anticline instead of by longitudinal rupture facilita 
ing erosion. Whichever theory be correct, anticlinal valleys of lim 
stone formed by the removal of the overlying schist are frequent 
the Taconic region. Three such are easily recognized : The Ha 
cock Valley, between the Taconic Range and its spur, in Massach 
setts; the West Rutland marble valley, the structure of which w 
long ago pointed out as an isoclinal anticline with an easterly dippir 
axial plane, 6 but which in places is more nearly a normal anticlir 
the schist on the west dipping low west, c and the Notch betwec 
Greylock and Ragged Mountain, which is a conspicuous feature 
the landscape in looking south from the offset in the Green Mounta 
Range in Stamfords 
SYNCLINAL VALLEYS. 
The southern part of the Lake Champlain Valley is a broad sy 
cline, from the western part of which the limestone and from t) 
central part of which the shale has been eroded. Judging from tl 
westerly dip of the quartzite which flanks the Green Mounta 
Range and which is so finely exposed in White Rocks, in Wallingfo] 
(PL XII, A), and in Downer Glen, in Manchester, the Vermont Va 
ley is probably synclinal, although probably with some minor foL 
(PL V, B). The lower part of Lye Brook Hollow, in Manchestt 
i- a syncline with quartzite anticlines east and west of it, which hai 
been denuded of their limestone (see map and PL V, B). Betwe< 
Stone Hill and the Taconic Range, in Williamstown, Hemlock Broc 
has cut its course into a sharply overturned limestone synclii 
(fig. 1 and p. 39). The view up this valley is a charming one ai 
" Noe, G. de la, and Margerie, E. de, Des causes determinant le trace des cours d'es 
Paris, 1888 ; Vallees anticlinales, pp. 148-151. 
" Wing, Rev. A., Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. 13, 1877, pp. 337-339. 
c Thirteenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1803. pp. 321-324 ; Fourteenth Ar 
Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1894. pp. 547, 548. 
d See view from opposite direction in Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 23, 1894, pi. 1 
also PI. V, .4, of this bulletin. 
