60 ALASKAN MINERAL RESOURCES IN 1905. 
MINERAL SPRINGS. 
Cold mineral springs have been found at St. John Harbor, on Zarembo Island, at several 
points near Eddystone Rock, in Behm Canal, and up Unuk River. 
At Zarembo Springs the water contains considerable carbon dioxide with various mineral 
salts, which lend to it an agreeable flavor. The point of outflow, which is covered at high 
tide, has been incased and a small wharf built over it. The water forces itself up through a 
pipe, from which demijohns and barrels are filled and shipped to Seattle, where bottling 
works have been established. 
In-Behm Canal the principal spring is situated on the east side of Revillagigedo Island, 
opposite Eddystone Rock. The waters emerge from fracture cracks in a banded-schist 
complex cut by pegmat ite dikes. The flow at this point is greater than at Zarembo Springs. 
Carbon dioxide and a small percentage of sulphureted hydrogen are present in the water, the 
latter giving it a disagreeable odor. Small shipments have been made from these springs for 
the loeal trade. 
On the north hank of Unuk River, about 20 miles from the mouth and 2\ miles below the 
internal ional boundary, a strongly carbonated spring flows from a fissure in the granite. Its 
temperature is 7 C. (44° F.) and the daily discharge about 1,000 gallons. With good trans- 
portation facilities this spring should prove valuable. 
THERMAL SPRINGS. 
Thermal springs occur at several points in southeastern Alaska and have been found by 
experience to possess medicinal properties of great value to sufferers from rheumatism and 
other ills resulting from exposure. The Indians were the first to appreciate the healing 
power of the springs and made use of them long before the invasion of the whites. Of late 
yen- cabins and bath houses have been built at several of the springs for the accommoda- 
tion of visitors. Southeastern Alaska, however, is not an ideal summer resort, owing to the 
excessive rain, and the springs can not be so valuable commercially as in more-favored 
districts. 
The springs occur without exception within intrusive granite belts and issue from fracture 
planes in the same. In temperature they range from 05° C. (150° F.) to 95° C. (203° F.). 
They are extremely variable in composition and precipitate, on cooling, various minerals, 
forming crustified deposits. The rate of discharge is not the same for different springs and 
varies, probably, from several hundred to 1,500,000 gallons per day. One of the hottest 
springs is located near Bailey Bay, Behm Canal, in the Ketchikan district. The water at 
this point issues from a fissure in the granite in the form of a jet 15 inches high and 1 inch in 
diameter. On Bel) Island, just west of Bailey Bay, and on the north side of Unuk River, 
miles from its mouth, are similar hot springs, which are frequently visited. The spring with 
the greatest flow is situated opposite Great Glacier on Stikine River, above the international 
boundary and serves the inhabitants of the Wrangell district. In the Sitka district the 
principal hot springs are 15 miles south of Sitka, at Hot Springs, where good baths and 
houses have Seen built. Other localities where similar improvements have been made are 
Tenakee Inlet, on Chichagof Island, and Warm Spring and Cook bays, on Baranof Island. 
Definite analyses and temperatures of the various waters could not be obtained. 
