140 ALASKAN MINERAL RESOURCES IN 1905. 
its gold-bearing gravels has been greatly hindered by the heavy cost of provisions and othJ 
supplies. These, until the past summer, have usually been carried by boa! from Teller 
through Grantley Harbor and Imuruk Basin and up Kuzitrin River to Lanes Landing, 
thence overland by wagon to the various camps, including those on Dahl Creek and the 
tributaries of Kougarok River. During the summer of L905, however, when much more 
freight was carried into the country than during any previous season, many of the hoats 
were taken up Mary River to the recently constructed warehouses al ^Davidsons Landing 
and there unloaded. Wagons were then employed to transport il over a new trail to the 
upper part of Kougarok River. Much of the mining on Kougarok River has been of ;i most 
primitive kind, often done with a rocker, hut with ditches now completed or in course of 
construction it will he possible to reduce the cost of handling gravels materially. Mining 
has been restricted chiefly to the upper part of the stream above its forks, except on Quartz 
Creek and a number of its tributaries, which, although the gold has been obtained at very 
great expense, owing to the character of the ground and the low grade of the streams, have 
thus far been the most productive creeks iA' the region. 
FAIRHAVEN PRECINCT. 
In the Fairhaven precinct during the last summer and previous winter interest has been 
centered on Candle Creek, yet development of the [nmachuk has gone steadily forward and 
some prospecting has been carried on in Kugruk River Valley. 
CANDLE CREEK. 
Candle Creek was first known through its remarkably rich creek gravels, which were vig- 
orously exploited during the first two years after the discovery of gold. After these rich 
deposits had been largely worked out the camp suffered a rapid decline until in 1004 its 
fortunes were at their lowest mark. Those whose confidence in the creek was not shaken, 
however, turned their attention to the benches west of the creek, w here gold hearing gravels 
were finally located, and during the winter of L904 5 produced a large amount of gold. 
Although Candle Creek is regarded :i> a winter camp and the creek claims have been said 
to be worked out, the creek turned out neark half the total product of this locality for 190a 
Pay is said to have heen found in the bench gravels as high as the third t ier of claims west of 
the creek. The deposits are all frozen and coal for generating steam to supply the steam 
points is obtained from Chicago Creek, a tributary of Kugruk River. This coal (see p. Ill) 
i- ,i lignite, and while much inferior to Wellington coal can now be furnished so cheaply as 
to compete with the latter. Candle ( reek w ill probably he a more act ive camp during the 
winter of 1905-6 than any other on the peninsula with the exception of Nome. 
[NMACHUK RIVER. 
The more productive claims on Inniachuk River are located within the first miles of the 
valley below Pinnell River. The valley is here broad and flat, the liver meandering widely 
and departing farther and fartherfrom a direct line as it approaches the sea. Aside from 
the river itself two tributaries have produced small amounts of gold, Ilannum Creek andl 
Pinnell River, including its branch, Old Glory Creek, whose greatest production was during 
the first two years after its discovery. Mining on Pinnell River has not been attended with 
much success, although gold bearing gravels are found immediately below its mouth on 
Inniachuk River. Development work on the Inniachuk has shown that the pay streal 
does not always follow- the present stream course, hut that in several instances it runs into 
the gravels on the west side. This is what might he expected when one studies the topog- 
raphy and sees the numerous old. partially filled meanders of the valley. The operations 
of the last year have been principally the exploitation of gold-hearing gravels whose loca- 
tion was already known, but have also resulted in extending the northerly limit of these 
gravels some distance farther down the river. Mining in the gravels of Inniachuk River 
and of Candle Creek also is attended with more embarrassments than on the south coast of 
Seward Peninsula. The difficulties arise from several adverse conditions, first among which 
