COKING TESTS. 39 
The ovens were always closed, both door and trunnel head, directly after being drawn, 
and allowed to gather heat, the length of time varying as necessity demanded. The aver- 
age time was one hour and a half. 
The sample of coal was taken at regular intervals as the charge was emptied from bin 
to larry, using a small shovel holding about a quarter of a pound; the total weight of the 
sample averaged 45 pounds. 
The sample of coke was taken from five different parts of the oven, as nearly as possible 
from the same location for each test: One piece 2 feet from the oven door; one 2 feet from 
each side, on a line drawn from the center of the oven; one from the center, and one 2 feet 
from the back wall, on a line with the point of selection of the pieces taken from the door 
and the center. The separate pieces of coke extended the whole height of the charge, and 
were as nearly uniform in size as possible. 
In beginning the series of tests the first charges showed a rather large percentage of 
breeze, this being before the ovens were fully seasoned, and black butts due to cold bottom 
were produced. It was unfortunate that these first tests should have been on supposedly 
noncoking coals, as the condition of the oven did not permit it to give as effective service 
as would probably have been the case under other and more favorable circumstances. 
EXTENT OF TESTS. 
In the scope of this report, covering the period from July 7 to December 20, are included 
results from 94 tests of 46 coals from 9 different States, as follows: Illinois, 5; Indiana, 7; 
Kentucky, 4; Maryland, 1; Ohio, 9; Pennsylvania, 6; Virginia, 4; West Virginia, 9; 
Wyoming, 1. Of these tests, 60 were of raw coal, 32 of washed coal, 1 of raw coal with the 
addition of pitch, and 1 of washed coal with the addition of pitch. 
Of the 46 different coals, six produced no coke, viz, Illinois No. 16 and No. 19, Indiana 
No. 3, Ohio No. 3, Maryland No. l,and Wyoming No. 3. No coke was obtained from Illi- 
nois No. 16 owing to an accident to the larry; the test was discontinued. Maryland No. 1 
was coked by the addition of 10 per cent pitch to washed coal. Wyoming No. 3 is a lignite. 
Four tests were made on Pennsylvania No. 9; two gave only a few pieces of coke, a third 
produced coke of inferior quality, and the fourth, with the addition of 5 per cent pitch to 
raw coal, produced coke, but of no better quality than that from washed coal. 
The results of the coking tests will be found in the detailed report on each sample, pre- 
sented on pages 53-233. 
FURTHER TESTS. 
It is intended to experiment further with the addition of volatile hydrocarbons to non- 
coking coals and coals producing an inferior grade of coke. Conclusions from these experi- 
ments will be incorporated in a later and more complete report. 
