COPPER AND LEAD. 113 
the Kings Mountain, Colossus, and Haile gold mines; at the Cameron lead mine, and at the 
Jones tin mine. It is likely that much of the pyrite of the gold mines contains a small per- 
centage of copper. Tetrahed te is said to have been found at the Cameron lead mine. 
The only place at which copper is known to have been sought is at the Mary mine, about 
5 miles northeast of Yorkville, S. C. This mine was considered by Lieber a to offer very 
favorable indications. The country rock is a dioritic species originally containing fairly 
calcic plagioclase, hornblende or augite, ilmenite, and sphene. Regional metamorphism 
converted the original bisilicate into secondary hornblende and the plagioclase into oligo- 
clase or andesine, abundant epidote, and a little zoisite. Metasomatic alteration along the 
sulphide-bearing quartz veins has almost completely converted the uralite into brown 
biotite and has changed much of the feldspar into sericite; pyrite has also been introduced. 
The quartz itself carries both pyrite and chalcopyrite in large and small crystalline masses 
and grains. From the statements of Lieber regarding the occurrence of secondary minerals 
arranged in vertical zones, it seems probable that leaching of the upper, oxidized portions 
of the vein has resulted in secondary enrichment below. It is interesting to note, in this 
connection, in what clear terms Lieber described certain features of the process now known 
as secondary enrichment. b It is probable that the "black oxide" which he describes as 
occurring just above the primary pyritic ore was in reality the sulphide, chalcocite. A large 
quartz vein, apparently barren, occurs a short distance from the copper-bearing vein. 
Several pits have been sunk, and it is rumored that some ore was shipped to Charleston 
during war time and was manufactured into shells, but this seems to be without foundation. 
Lead is known to occur at the Kings Mountain gold mine as galena and as nagyagite. A 
more important deposit was known as the Cameron mine and earlier as the Morgan or 
Leitner mine, c This mine is situated just east of the limestone belt of the Kings Mountain 
Range and is about 4 miles southwest of Gaffney, S. C. It was opened before the war as a 
copper mine, but lead was : oon found to be the most important metal present. During the 
war the demand for lead for bullets caused active work to be carried on at this place. 
The country rock is amphibolite, cut by a granitic gneiss containing a small amount of 
albite, showing crushing, particularly along certain bands, and undoubtedly closely related 
to the granite of the tin belt. 
The vein, which was said to be 2 to 2\ feet wide, is parallel to the foliation ot the country 
rock and consists principally of quartz, coarsely crystalline siderite, and chlorite. The ore 
minerals are galena, decomposing to cerussite and leadhillite, and wulfenite (lead molyb- 
date). The small needles of pyromorphite, the phosphate, found with quartz in vugs are 
also probably secondary. Pyrite, chalcopyrite changing to covellite and malachite, pyrrho- 
tite, and arsenopyrite are sparingly present in the quartz. "Gray copper" (tetrahedrite?) 
is said to have been found here. Thin botryoidal coatings of brown iron oxide, showing 
beautiful radiating structure, line many cavities in the vein. The galena is said to contain 
considerable silver, the amount per ton of ore in one lot of metal being reported as 49 
ounces.^ Gold is also said to have been present, e The development consisted of two 
shallow tunnels and an inclined shaft nearly 150 feet deep. The writer is informed by 
Capt. A. Thies, who worked the mine for the Confederate government, that not much lead 
was present and that the total output of the mine amounted to a few hundred tons. It was 
at one time contemplated to work the siderite for iron. 
Rich galena ore occurs at the Black mine, near Indian Trail, Union County, N. C, just 
outside the area contained in this report, but the quantity was not ascertained. 
a Op. eit., vol. 1, pp. 82-83; vol. 3, p. 199. 
b Op. cit., vol. 1, p. 84; vol. 2, pp. 11-12. 
c Lieber, op. cit., vol. 1, p. 86; vol. 2, pp. 74-78. Shepard, C. U., Report on the Morgan Silver-Lead 
and Copper Mine in Spartanburg District, S. C. London, 1855. 
d Lieber, op. cit., vol. 2, p. 78. 
e Lieber, op. cit., vol. 3, p. 198. 
Bull 293—06 8 
