100 SOUTHWESTERN NEVADA AND EASTERN CALIFORNIA. 
the surface was developed prior to the outflow of the Pliocene] 
Pleistocene ( *) basalt. This less accentuated surface, which prob- 
ably extended completely over the area surveyed, is perhaps of early 
Pliocene age. 
The Kawich Range is rather heavily timbered at its north end 
above an elevation of 6,500 feet. The timber line becomes higher to 
the south and neither pinon nor juniper grows south of the detritua 
covered gap 8 miles north of the village of Kawich. In consej 
quence of its height and of its rather heavy growth of timber, the 
Kawich is the best watered range within the area surveyed. The 
streams of this range have already been described (p. 18). The 
springs south of the timbered areas are small and some become dry 
during the summer. The following* are rough estimates of the flow 
of the larger springs in gallons per day: Longstreets Ranch Spring, 
3,000 gallons; Stinking Spring, 2,000 gallons; Heenan Water. 1,50] 
to 2,000 gallons ; Rose (sometimes called Wild Horse) Spring, 2,001 
gallons; Sumner Spring, L,500 gallons; Corral Spring, 1.500 gafl 
Ions: Jarboe Spring, 500 gallons. At Silverbow and Stephanitj 
wells have been sunk in stream gravels and water encountered at 
depths of 10 to t5 feet. 
GENERAL GEOLOGY. 
The formations of the Kawich Range, in ascending order, are: 
Pogonip limestone, Eureka lime-tone. Lone Mountain lime-tone 
granite, diorite, monzonite porphyry, earlier rhyolite with minor 
contemporaneous latite and dacite and basalt flows, biotite andesite, 
dacite, Sieberl lake beds (?), later rhyolite. and later basalt and 
associated andesites. 
SEDIMENTABY ROCKS. 
Pogonip limestom and Eureka quartzite. — Quartzite Mountain is 
composed of Paleozoic rock- and from it an arm extends north on the 
west side of the range and another south on the east side of the range- 
Small inliers of Paleozoic rocks also occur 2 miles east of Pose 
Spring, 6 miles west of north of the same point, and 3 miles north of 
west of Silverbow. Angular fragments of Paleozoic jasperoid, 
quartzite, and schistose -hale are widely distributed in rhyolite, and the 
vent through which the rhyolites were extruded passed through Paleo- 
zoic rocks. Inclusions of Paleozoic rocks also occur in the andesites 
southeast of Quartzite Mountain. 
The sedimentary rocks exposed on Quartzite Mountain consist of 
1,200 to 1.500 feet of quartzite underlain by loo to 600 feet of inter- 
bedded quartzites, slaty shales, and Limestones. The quartzites of 
Quartzite Mountain are typically light in color, usually being either 
white, pinkish white, or gray, although some of the more I'eldspathic 
