26 SOUTHWESTERN NEVADA AND EASTERN CALIFORNIA. 
Ramsey Well, Klondike Well, Cactus Spring, Tokop, Cuprite, Currie 
Well, Miller Well No. 1, and Ash Meadows. 
RAILROADS AND STAGES. 
The Tonopah and Goldfield Railroad is a broad-gage line, con- 
necting with the Union Pacific Railroad at Hazen, Nev. The Car- 
son and Colorado Railroad in Owens Valley is from 25 to 45 miles 
west of the western border of the area. The San Pedro, Los Angeles 
and Salt Lake Railroad, commonly called the Clark road, is from 40 
to 75 miles east of the area. A railroad has been surveyed from 
Goldfield to Bullfrog and two branches are projected from the Clark 
road to the same point. The position of the railroads is shown on 
the sketch map (fig. 1). A daily stage runs from Goldfield and 
another from Las Vegas to the towns of the Bullfrog district. The 
trip from Goldfield takes about fourteen hours, from Las Vegas 
thirty-two hours. Daily or semidaily automobiles make the run from 
Goldfield to Bullfrog in four to six hours. Lida and Goldfield. 
Kawich and Tonopah. and Silverbow and Tonopah are connected by 
daily stages. 
ROADS AND TRAILS. 
Good roads and trails cross the area in all directions and few coun- 
tries so sparsely populated are so accessible. The road gradient is 
low, although in the mountains short stretches arc steep. Teaming is 
heavy in the sand surrounding the playas and in some of the stream 
gravels. Roads on playa clays are smooth and hard except aftei 
heavy rains, when wagons sink hub deep in the sticky clay. Road* 
and trails are shown on the geologic ma}) (PI. I). Few places are 
impassable to a pack train/and a wagon can go anywhere in the lower 
hills and mountains. 
STRATIGRAPHIC GEOLOGY. 
It is proposed in this section to describe briefly the formations o1 
southwestern Nevada and eastern California (fig. 3) and to outline 
the general distribution of each. They are described in detail undei 
each geographic subdivision in the section on descriptive geology. It 
will be convenient to take the formations up in order, from the oldest 
to the youngest, irrespective of their sedimentary or igneous origin. 
Owing to the lack of continuity and the complex structure of the Pale- 
ozoic rocks, their description is less accurate than that of the younger 
formations. The stratigraphic units of the Eureka (Nev.) section 
are used as type formations for the Paleozoic rocks. 
PRE-CAMBRIAN. 
The presence of pre-Cambrian rocks was not definitely determined. 
The Prospect Mountain quartzite (Lower Cambrian) of the Specter 
"Hague, Arnold, Mon. U. £. Geol. Survey, vol. 20, 1892, p. 13. 
