CULTURE, TOWNS. 25 
irrigation is lacking. A few cattle pasture in the Kawich Range, 
and while small herds might possibly live at other localities, the bee 
required by the mining camps will for the most part be shipped in by 
rail or driven across from California. 
% TOWNS. 
The towns of this desert mining territory typify both the push and 
(energy of the western pioneer and the unstable conditions of new goL 
fields. With the report of a rich discovery a town of 100 tents rises 
in a day, only to disappear almost as rapidly if the new find falls short 
of expectations. The population of all the towns fluctuates greatly. 
Tonopah, with a population of about 8,000, lies 4 miles north of the 4 
area and is the county seat of Nye County, Nev. It has a number of 
prosperous mines and is the shipping point for some of the northern 
and northeastern mining camps of the area under discussion. Tono- 
pah is the terminus of a railroad and has electric light, city water, 
telephones, newspapers, both daily and weekly, banks, churches, and 
schools. 
Goldfield, with a population of about 9,000, has valuable gold mines 
and is the present terminus of the Tonopah and Goldfield Railroad. 
Like Tonopah, it has most of the essentials of city life, and the num- 
ber of substantial buildings is surprising in consideration of the fact 
that the first tent was pitched here in January, 1904. Columbia, a 
rival town, adjoins Goldfield and has its own post-office. Goldfield 
and Columbia are supply points for the prospectors and miners in the 
central portion of the territory here described. 
Rhyolite, Bullfrog, and Beatty are rival towns of the Bullfrog min- 
ing district. Rhyolite and Bullfrog, whose main streets meet, have a 
total population of approximately 2,500. Each has its own post- 
| office, Avater system, and newspapers, and the two have common tele- 
i graph and telephone systems. The towns were founded in January, 
1905, and already contain a number of substantial stone, wood, and 
i adobe buildings. Beatty, 4 miles east of Rhyolite, is situated on 
J Amargosa River and has a population of 700. It has about the same 
improvements as Bullfrog and Rhyolite. These three towns are the 
supply points for the southern portion of the area. Gold Center, a 
tent town of 40 inhabitants, is situated 2 miles below T Beatty, on 
Amargosa River. 
Silverbow, on the east side of the Kaw T ich Range, has a post-office 
and a weekly newspaper. Kawich is a mining camp and post-office 
on the west side of the Kawich Range. The number of inhabitants 
(fluctuates and has varied from 50 to 400. Lida is a mining camp of 
the seventies revived. At present it has a population of 200. Thorp, 
more commonly known as Montana Station, is a post-office and stage 
station. Travelers can find accommodations for man and beast at 
