HYDROLOGY, SPRINGS. 19 
times in the course of the tortuous Little Mill Creek Canyon, on the 
east side of the Kawich Range above Eden. The largest of thes< 
streams is 1J feet wide and flows 1| miles. A streamlet 20(3 yards 
long flows from the large spring commonly called " Georges Water," 
on the east side of the Kawich Range. 
Salt Creek, 15 feet wide, rises in Death Valley, flows 2-miles, and 
then sinks. The water is heavily charged with sodium chloride 
and other salts. In the Salt Flat of Death Valley are many gently 
flowing small streams and pools of salt water. Small streams flow 
from the Staininger ranch and from Grapevine Springs, in the Amar- 
gosa Range, but each sinks within 1 mile of its head. Cottonwood 
Creek, in the Panamint Range, is 4 feet wide at' its spring head, but 
sinks in gravel within 2 miles. Cottonwood and villow trees and 
grapevines line its banks, and water cress grows luxuriantly in the 
water. A short distance below the sink of this stream water again 
runs in the canyon for 100 yards. In the Stonewall Mountains water 
rises in the bed of a gulch one-fourth mile north of Stonewall Spring. 
The streamlet, 1 foot wide and 3 inches deep, sinks in the gravel 100 
feet from its source. 
SPRINGS. 
The springs are of two kinds — hot or warm and cold. The hot 
springs appear to be vents of deeply circulating waters; the cold 
springs evidently come from shallow depths. 
HOT OR WARM SPRINGS. 
Alkali Spring is located 11 miles northwest of Goldfield. The 
waters originally rose at a number of small seeps, but recently the 
Combination Mines Company, of Goldfield, drove a tunnel into the 
gentle slope, concentrating the flow in a single channel. According 
to Mr. Edgar A. Collins, of this company, about 85,000 gallons of wa- 
ter per day flows from the spring and is pumped to the Combination 
mill at Goldfield. The water is clear, slightly alkaline in taste, and 
smells of hydrogen sulphide. An analysis by Abbot A. Hanks, kindly 
furnished by Mr. Collins, is as follows : 
Analysis of toatcr from Alkali Spring.. 
Grains per wine gallon. 
Silica, insoluble 2. 449 
Iron oxides and alumina .314 
Calcium carbonate 6. 764 
Sodium chloride 6. 122 
Sodium sulphate 43. 341 
58. 900 
! At the mouth of the 40-foot tunnel the temperature of the water is 
Ifibout 120 c F., and at the breast it is at least 140° F. The stream 
ows from residual bowlders and soil of the later rhyolite, and 
