INTRODUCTION. 15 
LITERATURE. 
/ The literature dealing with this portion of Nevada and Cali- 
fornia is scanty. In 1871 Mr. G. K. Gilbert visited the Reveille 
Range and later the Oasis Valley and crossed the Grapevine Range. 
In 1899 Mr. J. E. Spurr went from Lida to Stonewall Spring and 
thence across the Cactus, Kawich, and Reveille ranges. lie; also 
crossed Death Valley and the Funeral and Panamint ranges to the 
south of the area included in the present map. Since that time lie 
has made extended studies in the neighboring districts of Tonopah 
and Silver Peak. In 1899-1900 Mr. H. W. Turner surveyed geo- 
logically the Silver Peak area, a thirty-minute quadrangle, which 
adjoins on the northwest the area mapped in this report. In 19t0 
Mr. M. R. Campbell made a reconnaissance to the south of the area 
here described. In 1905 Messrs. F. L. Ransome, G. H. Garrey, and 
W. H. Emmons made detailed studies of the geology and ore de- 
posits of Goldfield and Bullfrog, and a preliminary account of the 
results of their work appears in Bulletin No. 303 of the United 
States Geological Survey. Since the discovery of the veins of Tono- 
pah in 1900 the technical journals have contained numerous refer- 
ences to the mines in this portion of Nevada and California, but these 
have not been included in the following bibliography, since, with a 
few exceptions, they contain nothing of permanent value : 
Gilbert, G. K. Report on the geology of portions of Nevada, Utah, California, 
and Arizona examined in the years 1871 and 1872. U. S. Geog. and Geol. 
Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian, vol. 3, Geology, 1875, pp. 
21-187. 
Describes the Reveille and Amargosa (Grapevine) ranges and Bare 
Mountain, also the structure of the Basin Range. 
Hague, Arnold. Geology of the Eureka district, Nevada, with an atlas. Mon. 
U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 20, 1892. 
Describes the geology and ore deposits of Eureka, New The Paleozoic 
section will be used as the type section in the present report. 
Spurr, J. E. Descriptive geology of Nevada south of the fortieth parallel and 
adjacent portions of California. Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 208, 1903. 
Describes the geology and contains a general geologic map, scale 15 miles 
to the inch. 
Turner, H. W. Silver Peak folio; unpublished. 
Describes general and economic geology of Silver Peak (New) quad- 
rangle. 
Spurr, J. E. The succession and relation of lavas of the Great Basin region. 
Jour. Geol., vol. 8, 1900, pp. 621-<;40. 
Spurr, J. E. Origin and structure of the Basin Ranges. Bull. Geol. Soc. 
America, vol. 12, 1901, pp. 217-270. 
I Campbell, M. R. Reconnaissance of the borax deposits of Death Valley and 
Mohave Desert. Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 200, 1902. 
Treats particularly of the borax deposits and of Tertiary lake beds. 
: Spurr, J. E. Geology of the Tonopah mining district, Nevada. Prof. Paper 
U. S. Geol. Survey No. 42, 1905, 
