72 THE GRANITES OF MAINE. 
Utilization of waste. — In most of the Maine quarries the thin sheets 
and the waste material are worked up into paving blocks, which con- 
sume not only the smaller fragments, but blocks which are disfigured 
by sap or knots. The size of these blocks differs for different cities. 
The standard in New York is from 11 to 14 by 4 by 7 inches. The 
flat side is cut parallel to the rift. Paving stones are the only prod- 
uct of some quarries. The drilling at such quarries is generally done 
by hand. A paving-stone quarry, possibly from its often simple and 
temporary character, is called a " motion." (See PI. XII, B.) The 
magnitude of the paving-stone industry in Maine can be seen from 
the statistics on page 183. Another use of waste is for crushed stone 
for macadamizing roads. The only quarry in Maine that is provided 
with a stone crusher for the utilization of its waste in this way is that 
at North Jay. The diabase dikes which are so inconvenient in some 
granite quarries could well be utilized in this way also, and would 
furnish a kind of crushed stone for which there might be a greater 
demand than for crushed granite. The architectural use of discol- 
ored granite (sap) is in vogue at the Cape Ann, Mass., quarries, 
where the Rockport public library has been made of it and the unal- 
tered granite used for trimmings. No such thing was encountered 
in Maine. That sort of waste could be cheaply supplied by many 
quarries. 
ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF MAINE GRANITES. 
A scientific classification of these granites has already been given 
on pages 24, 25. Maine granites, considered in respect to their uses, 
may be divided into five classes: (a) Constructional, used for bridges, 
docks, retaining walls, buildings, or the bases of monuments; (b) 
statuary, for statue and delicate monumental or ornamental work; 
(c) inscriptional, for inscribed dies and tablets; (d) curbing, for 
curbstones, straight or circular, and cross walks, and (e) paving, 
those which are used exclusively for paving blocks. But in order 
to convey an adequate idea of the great variety of these granites 
they have been divided into 14 groups. This classification is based 
upon the most conspicuous economic characteristic, be it either color 
or texture. The designations of these groups are: (1) Reddish (di- 
vided into light, bright, and dark). (2) pinkish -huff, (3) light lav- 
ender, (4) gray (black and white, white dominant, the minerals 
affording strong contrasts), (5) gray, porphyritic, (G) buff, (7) 
greenish gray, (8) black and white (black dominant), (9) gray, 
with weak contrasts, (10) muscovite (white mica conspicuous), (11) 
fine textured, (12) very coarse, (13) paving, fine with isolated crys- 
tals, (14) black (divided into black, greenish black, and medium 
gray). In the following table the localities where each of these 
