6 THE SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE AND FIRE. 
ground at the right toward us. There is also a vertical displacement, 
the ground on the southwest side having been relatively lifted 1 or 2 
feet, and the expression of the vertical change is exaggerated in the 
lower view by the relation of the horizontal change to the local 
slope of the hillside. There is nothing in the pictures to show the 
amount or even the direction of the horizontal displacement, but 
measurements were made at neighboring points where the fault 
trace intersects a road, a trail, and a small gully. The nature of the 
evidence as to displacement is illustrated by PL I, Z>, which shows a 
dislocated fence. The locality is on the farm of E. K. Strain, 
near the head of Bolinas Lagoon, and the camera was directed 
toward the northeast — at right angles to the trend of the fault trace. 
The main branch of the fault trace (which is here divided) crosses 
the foreground from left to right, touching the dissevered ends of the 
fence, but the shear is at this point so smooth that its surface trace 
is concealed by the grass. The fence, which before the earthquake 
was straight and continuous, was broken across and offset to the dis- 
tance of Sh feet. 
Between Point Arena and Fort Ross the course of the fault trace 
(see fig. 1, p. 3) is approximately parallel to the coast, passing to the 
east of all the coastal towns. From Fort Ross to the head of Tomales 
Bay it traverses the water, except at Bodega Bay and Preston Point, 
where for short distances it crosses the land. It again enters the 
water at Bolinas Lagoon, passing several miles outside the Golden 
Gate, and returning to the land at Mussel Rock, whence it follows a 
nearly direct course to San Juan. It does not touch any large town, 
but passes within a mile of Manchester, Plantation post-office, Fort 
Ross, Bodega, Inverness, Point Reyes station, Olema, Woodville, Boli- 
nas, Woodside, Portola, Wrights, Chittenden, and San Juan. 
On the east and west sides of the fault trace, respectively, the 
right-line distances to various places are as follows : 
Distances from the fault trace to near-by prominent points. 
east side. east side — continued. 
Miles. Miles. 
Ukiah 2(5 San Francisco — Cliff House 3 
Cloverdale 22 San Mateo 4 
Healdsburg 20 Stanford University 5 
Santa Rosa 19 San Jose 13 
Freestone S 
San Rafael 9 west side. 
Sonoma 25 
Petaluma 15 
Martinez 29 
Berkeley 19 
Oakland 17 
San Francisco— city ball 9 
Point Reyes light-house 11 
Halfmoon Bay 6 
Pescadero 10 
Santa Cruz 12 
Salinas 13 
