EFFECTS ON STRUCTUKES OUTSIDE OF SAN FRANCISCO. 21 
The Saratoga reservoir of the San Jose Water Company lies in a 
saddle of the Santa Cruz Mountains between Saratoga and Los Gatos, 
and the fault line crosses it at right angles, the cracks extending 
through the body of the dam. The reservoir was full at the time, 
but there was no apparent loss of head. 
As already stated, in the country bordering the line of faulting the 
damage done was greater in soft or alluvial soil or made ground. 
Most wooden water tanks on low supports were wrecked, not only in 
the vicinity of the fault line but throughout the affected zone, the 
failure being due to a lack of lateral bracing of the trestle support. 
Chimneys generally collapsed, the cause being the unequal movement 
of the inelastic brickwork and the usually elastic frame structure 
surrounding it. Wooden buildings on good foundations stood well, the 
chief damage being to the chimneys and plastering. The alluvial 
or soft soil forming the banks of rivers generally moved toward the 
river under the earthquake vibrations, the settling of the ground 
being most marked (PI. VIII, B). The country in the vicinity of 
Salinas River presented interesting features of this character. The 
county road crosses the river near Salinas on a wooden bridge, and 
the slipping of the banks carried the south abutment 6 feet toward 
the river. The ground was badly cracked and there were a number of 
slips in the neighborhood. The road leading to Spreckels's sugar 
mill, 4 miles south of Salinas, was also greatly damaged by the slijDS. 
Spreckels's sugar mill ( PL XII, A ) is located on soft alluvium. The 
main building, which is 500 feet long, is said to be the largest sugar 
mill in the world. The vibrations of the earth jarred the brickwork 
loose at the end of the building, which buckled in the middle, where 
there were no floors above the second floor. The damage to other 
buildings was also extensive. The town of Salinas itself was severely 
shaken. The high-school building and some of the buildings on the 
main street Avere damaged, chimneys were thrown down, and a water 
tank of the Southern Pacific Railroad, supported on a steel trestle 
near the station, collapsed. 
Along the Bay of Monterey the whole shore slipped about 12 feet 
into the bay, the movement buckling the rails on a railroad trestle 
and the cars dropping about 5 feet. A frame house and surroundings 
moved 12 feet, still maintaining their relative positions. In Mon- 
terey the principal damage was in the loss of chimneys and cracking 
of plaster. 
At San Jose, located on the soft alluvium of the Santa Clara 
Valley, the destruction was extensive. The post-office, a very sub- 
stantial building, lost its tower, which Avas laid up in lime mortar, 
and was deficient in lateral bracing. The walls were of brick with 
a 4-inch or 6-inch stone veneer, and there was a wooden-framed slate- 
covered apex. The collapse of the tower damaged the pavement, and 
7171— Bull. 324—07 3 
