BEHAVIOR OF INDIVIDUAL STRUCTURES. 39 
The granite columns were spalled practically to destruction by fire, 
as shown in PL XXXVI, A. The fire in one section appeared to be 
very hot and caused a collapse of one of the floors, which was followed 
by the failure of the other floors of that section of the building. 
JACKSON BREWING COMPANY'S BUILDING. 
The plant of the Jackson Brewing Company, on the southeast 
corner of Eleventh and Folsom streets (PI. XXXVII, B), was in 
process of construction and was wrecked by the earthquake, the 
damage by fire being but slight. The brick walls were laid in lime 
mortar of poor quality. The steel beams and girders were supported 
by cast-iron columns. Many of the various steel members were 
bolted together with an insufficient number of bolts, the girders 
and beams resting upon the Avails without any tie; the columns, 
girders, and beams were not fireproof ed, and in the eastern half the 
concrete floor slabs, 6 inches thick, were without reenforcement. Sev- 
eral persons were killed by the collapse of the tower. That this build- 
ing should have been wrecked is not surprising, as the design was bad 
and the material and workmanship were very poor. 
HALL OF JUSTICE. 
A steel frame and floors of cinder concrete reenforced with ex- 
panded metal were used in the Hall of Justice, at the corner of 
Kearney and Washington streets. The earthquake largely wrecked 
this building (PL XXXIX, A). The cupola of light steel angles 
collapsed from the heat after being racked by the earthquake. The 
walls were laid in lime mortar, and the floor panels were stiffened, 
as in the iEtna Building, with 5 by \ inch steel bands. The floors 
were wood covered and were burned. The suspended ceilings were 
of plastered expanded metal lath, the partitions of 3-inch expanded 
metal, plastered, while the columns had a double layer of plastered 
expanded metal with a lj-inch dead air space between. The sus- 
pended ceilings failed, as shown in PL XXXV. />, a view taken on 
the second floor. One of the central basement columns buckled 
and collapsed 18 inches, presenting the appearance of having punched 
a hole in the floor. Two of the six-cell prison cages fell through 
the floors into the basement. The cast-iron stairways with marble 
treads are in fair shape. 
KAMM BUILDING. 
The seven-story L-shaped Kamm Building, on Market street, west of 
the Call Building and adjacent to it on two sides, had a steel skeleton 
and self-supporting sandstone walls. The floors were of reenforced 
stone concrete, covered with wood, with hollow partitions and sus- 
