BEHAVIOR OF INDIVIDUAL STRUCTURES. 93 
and at each principal entrance there was a groined-arch ceiling made 
of it. These ceilings were so badly cracked and damaged that they 
will probably have to be taken down and rebuilt. 
GRANT BUILDING. 
The structure at Seventh and Market streets known as the Grant 
Building illustrated the capricious variation in intensity of the earth- 
quake shock within short distances. This building was separated 
from the post-office by a very narrow street, hardly wider than an 
alley. The building had cinder-concrete floor slabs, furred ceilings 
in the upper stories, and terra-cotta partitions. Although it was a 
commercial building of very ordinary type, it was only slightly 
damaged by the earthquake, but was gutted by fire. It was entirely 
outside the area of surface disturbance, the streets in its vicinity 
showing no signs of settlement or upheaval. The fire was not very 
hot apparently, but was just about able to take the plaster off the 
under part of the floor construction without seriously damaging the 
latter. The terra-cotta partitions were all down. There was no 
evidence of superiority of construction, however, as everything 
pointed to moderate tests by both earthquake and fire. 
HALL OF JUSTICE. 
The Hall of Justice was one of the municipal buildings which was 
seriously damaged by the earthquake. A general view is shown in 
PL XXXIX, A, but does not bring out the damage that really 
occurred. In the basement of this building was another example of 
buckled columns. The columns were covered with expanded metal 
and plaster. This covering failed at a point near the floor, and the 
columns buckled and sank, producing the same effect as if they had 
been punched into the ground. The column coverings throughout 
this building failed very generally from the fire. 
KAMM BUILDING. 
The Kamm Building was situated on Market street, west of the 
Call Building. The rear portion was extended eastward by a short 
ell, so that it was wider than the front. It was occupied in the 
first story and basement by a wall-paper establishment. The columns 
were protected by metal lathing and plaster. 
The burning of the wall paper in the basement caused general 
buckling of the basement columns to such an extent as to result in 
the collapse of all the interior framework of practically the entire 
rear portion of the building. A good view of this building i- ; to 
be found in the Engineering Record of May 26, 1906, on page 615. 
