96 THE SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE AND FIRE. 
considerably damaged by the fire, but the fire was kept out of the 
building proper by means of water from an artesian well equipped 
with fire pumps, located in the building. 
MONADNOCK BUILDING. 
The structure known as the Monadnock Building was an ordinary 
steel-frame office building, which was in process of erection. It was 
badly racked by the earthquake. Every one of the piers in which 
the earthquake cracks appeared was so badly shattered that no re- 
pairs short of tearing down and rebuilding would suffice. As a 
matter of fact, it is probable that adequate repairs to the masonry in 
the front Avail of this building would involve reconstructing more 
than half of it. It would appear that there must have been rather 
severe vibration to shatter the brickwork so badly. Whether the 
steel escaped injury is a question of considerable interest, which can 
not be settled until the masonry covering is taken off. 
MUTUAL LIFE BUILDING. 
The Mutual Life Building was a steel-frame structure of the 
same general type as the Mills Building, and it suffered in the same 
general way, though possibly not quite so much. Some of the floor 
arches had collapsed, apparently from falling weights of some sort. 
(See PI. XLII, A.) 
PACIFIC STATES TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH BUILDING. 
The Pacific States Telephone and Telegraph Building, on Bush 
street, illustrated the tendency of the earthquake to shear off project- 
ing pilasters (PL XLI, A). This building had a steel frame, stone- 
concrete floor arches, furred ceilings above the basement, and con- 
crete column and girder coverings. The front windows were of 
plate glass in metal-covered sash, with rolling steel shutters on the 
outside. The side and rear windows were of wire glass in metal- 
covered sash and frames, with sliding tin-covered wooden shutters on 
the inside. 
The window protection seems to have prevented the entrance of 
fire from the outside, but in some other way an interior fire was 
started which completely gutted the building. The interior fire 
practically destroyed the plate glass, but not the rolling steel shutters. 
It seriously damaged the tin-clad shutters, but did not damage the 
wire glass appreciably. Had the interior fireproofing been as effi- 
cient as the window protection it is doubtful whether this building 
would have been burned out, for the interior fire should have been 
confined to the place of its origin. For these probable facts as to the 
