110 THE SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE AND FIRE. 
justify its destruction, a great many walls of other steel-frame build- 
ings ought to have come down also. This building was of the 
ordinary steel-frame type, without any bracing. The walls were 
very light, and on the principal fronts they were pretty well shaken 
to pieces. A superficial examination indicated that they were much 
more seriously damaged than the side wall which had been torn 
down. This building appears in the background of the view of the 
Dewey monument (PI. XXX, A). At the time this view was taken 
a considerable amount of the masonry in the front wall had been 
removed, but there was still a great deal which, in my judgment, was 
too badly damaged to be safely left. 
PI. LV is a panorama taken from Pine and Powell streets. The 
building on the left side of the street at the left is the Merchants' 
Exchange. To the right, just behind the high ground and trees, is 
the Mills Building, and farther to the right is the Union Trust 
Building. The other buildings will probably be recognized by per- 
sons who are more or less familiar with the city; the names of the 
chief ones are given on the plate. It will be observed that this 
panorama covers an arc of nearly 180°. The Twin Peaks appear 
some distance to the right of the city hall. 
ORDINARY BUILDINGS AND RESIDENCES. 
The effect of the earthquake on miscellaneous buildings of the 
cheaper class was more or less interesting. There were a number of 
brick dwellings in San Francisco faced with arch bricks laid in 
Flemish bond. These bricks, of course, are considerably harder and 
stronger than ordinary red bricks. Though they make a very rough 
wall, it is interesting and attractive, like the old colonial brickwork 
in the East. Apparently these houses were very strong. Whether 
it was good luck in all cases, or whether this brickwork really was 
much superior to the average brickwork used in San Francisco, I 
saw not a single example of earthquake damage to any house built in 
this way. I noticed eight or ten of these dwellings, and not one of 
them was damaged. The same fact had been noticed by the enlisted 
man who accompanied me as a photographer. He apparently had 
seen a greater number of buildings of this kind of brickwork than I 
had, and he stated that not one of them seemed to have suffered any 
injury, although, in many cases, their neighbors had been seriously 
damaged. 
A considerable number of frame buildings had practically col- 
lapsed under the earthquake; some of them were thrown bodily from 
their foundations. Plaster was generally shaken loose from wooden 
lathing, but, so far as I saw, none that Avas applied to good metallic 
lathing, such as heavy wire lath or expanded metal, had been shaken 
down. 
