56 THE CLAYS OF ARKANSAS. 
CLAY INDUSTRY. 
There is an abundance of good brick clays over a large part of the 
county. The Leali Pressed and Fire Brick Company's brick plant 
at Kingsland, with a capacity of 20,000 bricks a day, has been in 
operation since about 1901. The plant manufactures dry-pressed, 
stiff-mud, and fire brick. Shale and common clay are used. The 
bricks are dried in a Standard steam drier, and burned in both 
up-draft and down-draft kilns, which hold from 75,000 to 400,000 
bricks. The Raymond s tiff-mud machines and the Berg dry-press 
machines are used. The former has a capacity of 40,000 and the 
latter of 20,000 bricks a day. 
The company is preparing to move its plant to Little Rock, and 
will operate there under the name of The Southern Brick Company. 
COLUMBIA COUNTY. 
CLAY DEPOSITS. 
All of Columbia County lies within the Tertiary-Quaternary 
region. The general geology of the county is favorable to the dis- 
covery of pottery, tile, sewer pipe, and refractory clays, and wher- 
ever such beds may be found the horizontality and uniformity of 
the geologic structure will make prospecting for them very simple. 
The details of the geology of Columbia County have not been 
sufficiently studied to determine the precise geologic position or the 
geographic distribution of the more valuable clays, but clays of 
excellent quality will doubtless be found in abundance in the county. 
It seems most probable that they will be found not in the higher parts 
of the great watershed that runs through the middle of the county, 
but well down its sides and along the sides of the valleys of the 
larger streams. 
The usual " deer-lick" clays are found in the wet slashes, but it 
is not thought that clays of this class are of sufficiently good quality 
or sufficiently abundant to warrant exploitation, except, perhaps, 
in a very limited way, to meet small local demands. The stratified 
clays are abundant and good, and when a good bed is found there 
is never much difficulty in determining its relations to the accom- 
panying beds or in tracing it over the adjoining country. 
On the road leading from Magnolia to Mount Holly, in the NE. J 
sec. 3, T. 17 S., R. 20 W., there are some greenish-gray pottery 
clays, at least 3 feet of which is exposed. The upper part of this 
bed is discolored by iron, but the discoloration seems to be only 
superficial. Sandy fire clays are exposed in a gully on the side of 
the same road 9 miles east of Magnolia. 
At a few places between this locality and Mount Holly there are 
small outcrops of pinkish sandy clays containing leaf impressions, 
