(56 THE CLAYS OF ARKANSAS. 
Feet. 
i >ark-gray shale 20 
Corapacl sandstone 20 
Shale 20 
Concealed to the creek bed : 80 
Some of tire shales in the above section are sandy, but sandy 
shales are liable to become argillaceous as the beds are traced from 
one locality to another. 
CLAY DEPOSITS. 
Character of material. — Especial emphasis should be laid upon the 
fact that the value of the clay shales of Crawford County is untested. 
Not long ago it was supposed that only plastic clays were available 
for the manufacture of paving bricks. The experience of the brick- 
makers of Fort Smith, Ark., as well as that of manufacturers at 
Cheltenham, Mo., and other places, shows that many shales are 
available for brickmaking when properly treated. The localities 
mentioned here must not therefore be regarded as the only ones in 
the county, or even the most important ones. They are merely a 
few beds that were noted in the course of work done along other 
lines of investigation. The notes on clays in section 10 are by C. E. 
Siebenthal; the remaining notes on the clays of Crawford County 
are by William Kennedy. 
Plastic clays. — A plastic cream-colored clay, somewhat iron 
stained, was found in digging a well in the SW. \ SW. \ sec. 10, 
T. 10 N., R. 30 W., on George Meador's place. The bed is said to 
be about 8 feet thick. The same clay is said to occur in many of 
the wells in this section. It was formerly used for the manufacture 
of smoking pipes. 
A bluish-mottled plastic clay is exposed in the NE. \ SW. \ sec. 8, 
T. 10 N., R. 30 W. 
Fire clays. — The disintegrated shales exposed in the various 
localities in the neighborhood of Alma afford a material suitable for 
the manufacture of articles requiring a clay of rather high fusing 
point. 
Near Fine Spring, in the NE. \ SW. \ sec, 18, T. 10 N., R. 30 W., 
the clay is divided into an upper bed of yellow clay, 4 inches thick, 
overlying a bed of dark-blue clay. The thickness of this blue clay 
is not known, but it is said to have been dug into by Mr. W. M. 
James, the owner of the land, to a depth of 7 feet. 
This same kind of clay is also found in the E. h NW. \ SE. \ sec. 18 
and the NW. \ SW. \ sec. 17 of the same township and range. The 
deposit at Fine Spring is in the side of a hill, and is so covered with 
detritus as not to be visible without digging. This detritus consists 
for the most part of blocks of sandstone and shaly fragments derived 
