DALLAS COUNTY. 73 
CLAY INDUSTRY. 
The plant of the Wynne Brick Company is located at the foot of 
Crowleys Ridge, about one-half mile east of the station at Wynne. 
The reworked clay from the ridge is used in the manufacture of brick. 
Common soft-mud bricks are made, which are pugged and molded by 
machinery. They are dried under covered racks in the open air. 
Up-draft scove kilns are used for burning the bricks. The kilns hold 
from 100,000 to 250,000 bricks. It requires about eleven days to 
burn the brick, using one-fourth of a cord of wood and one-half ton of 
coal per thousand bricks. The clay is very easily overburned. Near 
the eyes in the kilns the bricks are often burned to a vitreous mass, 
while on the outer edges they are not burned hard enough. The 
loss in burning and hauling is estimated by the superintendent to be 
about one-third. The size of the molds used at this plant is 9 by 4| 
by 2J inches. When burned the bricks measure about 8 by 4 by 2 J 
inches. 
The water used for the boiler comes from a bored well 250 feet deep. 
It stands within 100 feet of the surface. 
DALLAS COUNTY. « 
GENERAL GEOLOGY. 
Dallas County is in the south-central part of the State, entirely 
within the Tertiary area. The rocks here, as in other portions of the 
Tertiary area, are soft, horizontally bedded clays, sands, and brown 
coals, variously interstratified, the whole overlain by coarse sand and 
gravel of varying thickness. The northwest quarter of the county is 
the highest, and from this region the surface slopes eastward and 
southward. The topography is of the undulating character that is 
common in regions covered with soft and easily eroded strata. 
CLAY DEPOSITS. 
CHARACTER OF THE CLAYS. 
Potter's, fire, and brick clays are found in Dallas County in practi- 
cally unlimited quantities. That the potter's clay is of good quality 
is shown by the fact that the ware made from this clay compares 
favorably with that made from clays worked at other localities. It 
has been used locally to a small extent as fire clay in laying Tip fur- 
naces, etc. It has also been used as a whitewash, and when so used it 
gives a smooth coat of a pleasing, slightly bluish tint. For such pur- 
poses it is dissolved in buttermilk and boiled, and it is claimed that the 
composition furnishes about as durable a coating as that made with 
lime. 
a The matter relating to Dallas County is taken almost entirely from C E. Siebenthal's report on this 
county in Ann. Rept. Geol. Survey Arkansas for 1891, pp. 278 et seq. 
