FRANKLIN COUNTY. 97 
they are penetrated. The upper layers of this shale at some places 
break into kidney-shaped pieces, which shell off concentrically. 
A well at John McCullough's old brickyard, in the NE. \ NE. \ 
sec. 1, T. 5 N., R. 14 W., gives the following section: 
Section at John McCullough's old brickyard. 
Feet. 
Light-yellow clay used for bricks 2 
Dark-yellowish clay, brown below, and containing iron nodules 2 
Broken black shale 3 
Hard black shale at bottom of well. 
On the northeast corner of block 42 of the town of Conway, about 1 
mile southwest of McCullough's old yard, in a well about 200 yards 
east of Mr. Firestone's brickyard, the shales appear at a depth of a 
little over 3 feet. In Firestone's pits the clay used does not exceed 
2 feet in thickness. This clay is darker than that formerly used by 
McCullough and contains more iron nodules. 
The bricks are gray in color, and where the two clay beds have been 
mixed the bricks are spotted. In the arch they have a tendency to 
melt at the ends. 
Sees. 18 and 19 and 7 and 8, T. 4 N. ; R. 14 W.; sees. 10, 11, 12, 13, 
14, 15, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26, T. 5 N., R. 14 W.; and sees. 6, 7, 18, 
19, 30, and 36, T. 5 N., R. 13 W., are covered by yellow clay similar 
to that around Conway. 
Mr. Firestone made common bricks by hand until 1902, when he 
installed a machine run by steam. He now makes a stiff-mud end- 
cut brick. The clay is tempered and molded in a No. 7 special plunger 
machine, dried in the open air, and burned in clamp kilns. It requires 
about seven days for burning. Two kilns are in use, each of which 
has a capacity of 200,000 bricks. Wood is used for fuel. Daily out- 
put, 16,000 bricks. Size of bricks, 8f by 4| by 2\ inches. 
FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
GENERAL GEOLOGY. 
In the extreme northern part of Franklin County, along Mulberry 
River and the tributaries entering that stream from the north, rocks 
are exposed that underlie the whole series of the coal--bearing rocks. 
These are the lowest and oldest rocks of Franklin County, and consist 
in part of beds of limestone. So far as is now known no clays or clay 
shales are associated with these old limestones. South of these 
exposures along Mulberry River the rocks of all the rest of the county 
are newer and are higher up in the geologic column and belong to the 
coal-bearing rocks or the series known as the "Coal Measures" — a 
series rich in clay shales and fire clays. 
The rocks at and near the surface over most of the county are 
geologically somewhat higher than the coal beds found at the Ouita, 
4813G— Bull. 351—08 7 
