LAWRENCE COUNTY . 125 
from 1 to 3 miles wide on both sides of the streams. The interstream 
area is a yellow hardpan or clay. In the lower lands the clay has 
become leached, leaving the surface material a lifeless buckshotty clay 
land known as " glades." The soil is very poor and but little of it is 
under cultivation. Water stands on some parts of this land for 
several months of the year. The character of the strata found at 
Walnut Ridge is shown in the following well record at that place: 
Well record at Walnut Ridge. 
Feet. 
Yellow to white clay 16 
Fine sand 4 
Hardpan similar to surface stratum 6 
Fine black sand 5 
Red sand, coarse 5 
Coarse sand and gravel down to 65 to 70 feet. 
The white clay land extends eastward from Walnut Ridge to Sedg- 
wick, on Cache River. The country to a line within 3 or 4 miles of 
Cache River, is marked by a rolling surface, with an occasional 
abandoned water channel. 
The following is the general record of the strata in wells at Sedgw'ick: 
General section of tv ells in Sedgwick. 
Feet. 
Soil and clay 3- 6 
Hardpan 3- 5 
Black sand, water bearing 25-50 
Hardpan or clay 2- 3 
White sand, water bearing, to 65 feet. 
Just east of Sedgwick there is an area of lowland depressed 6 to 10 
feet below the general level, marking the present limits of Cache 
River bottom, which is about 1 mile wide. 
West of Walnut Ridge the country is mostly sandy, except the 
clay ridge on which Portia is situated, but over all the sandy region 
the older clay loam appears at the surface in places and forms the 
subsoil beneath the alluvial sand. 
The following is a section of the strata in the east bank of Black 
River, at Cloverbend, about 9 miles south of Powhatan: 
Section in bank of Black River at Cloverbend. 
Feet. 
White buckshot clay, very hard when dry 3 
Reddish tinted clay, very hard when dry, becoming sandy at base. 3 
Reddish stratified sand, rather fine 3 
Light-colored gray sand , stratified ; coarser than the above 3 
The sand is said to extend down to a depth of at least 50 feet below 
the surface. 
The country west of Black River rises 200 feet or more above the 
bottom lands east of the river. The rocks belong to Cambro-Ordo- 
