LONOKE COUNTY. 133 
or sandy shales; others contain but little sand, and are sufficiently 
refractory to be regarded as fire clays. The shales are in places 
decomposed along their outcrops, but for the most part they are too 
hard to be pugged as they come from the ground. Analysis of some 
of these shales shows them to be suitable for the manufacture of 
paving brick, sewer pipe, fire bricks, or other refractory goods, but 
they will require to be pulverized. 
The character and thickness of these shales, their proximity to 
.the railroad, and the topography of the region are all favorable to 
the development of important clay industries in this section of 
Lonoke County. 
In addition to the shales there are widespread beds of loam over 
the slashes or bottoms of Cypress Bayou, Magness Creek, and Wat- 
tensas Bayou. The loams are well adapted to the manufacture of 
common building bricks. In places they contain some buckshot 
clays, and are therefore not suitable for making high-grade finishing 
bricks. The bands of buckshot or iron nodules occur here and there 
at a depth of from 1 to 4 feet from the surface. 
The wells at Austin and Cabot penetrate fossiliferous Cretaceous 
sediments, which outcrop in a few places west of these towns. 
What has been said of the Beebe, Kensett, and West Point clays 
of White County is generally applicable to the clays along the rail- 
road at and near Holland, Cabot, Austin, and Ward. 
Two wells near Cabot show the presence of the light-colored clay. 
At Neeley & Neeley's gin house in the village of Cabot a well 116 
feet deep has the following section : 
Sec/ion in null at Neeley <(• Neeley's gin house, Cabot. 
Feet. 
Red and sandy clays 39 
Calcareous clay (Cretaceous) 1 
Marl (Cretaceous) 6 
Carboniferous shale to the bottom of the well 70 
116 
A well near the center of the NE. \ SW. \ sec. 25, T. 4 N., R. 1 W., 
passes through the following beds: 
Section in well in sec. 25, T. 4 N., R. 10 W. 
Feet. 
Soil 2 
Red clay 10 
Sandy clay 10 
Calcareous clay (Cretaceous) 1 
Marl (Cretaceous) 8 
Carboniferous shale at hoi loin. 
37 
The clay here marked "red clay "is mottled red and gray, resembling 
very closely that underlying the low Quaternary country at different 
places. 
