178 THE CLAYS OF ARKANSAS. 
This bank is not altogether composed of yellowish loam. North of 
McAlmont the loam gives place to a stiff clay, which changes in color 
from bright red to drab and dark red as it approaches the outer point 
of the area comprised within the above limits. This clay, although 
differently colored, is apparently of the same nature. It is plastic, 
greasy to the touch, and works smoothly. Each color works into the 
other, forming a perfectly homogeneous mass. A well bored through 
the red clay in the SE. i SE. \ sec. 9, T. 2 N., R. 11 W., shows it to 
have a thickness of 12 feet and that it rests upon fine sand. 
In a ditch along the side of the railway and between it and the 
Memphis wagon road three beds are exposed. These clays are red, 
drab or gray, and bright red. The red clays at the bottom do not 
appear to have the same texture as the others. Where exposed to 
the air these clays become dried and show a tendency to break up into 
small pieces, somewhat in the same style as the joint clay, but when 
wet they are stiff and tenacious. 
This clay bank follows the same general course as that just men- 
tioned. It begins at Clear Lake, and from that point a mulatto sand 
succeeds it to the Galloway road at McAlmont. West of McAlmont 
the face of the bank becomes somewhat paler in its upper division. 
The light-colored material forms no great proportion of the bank, and 
in the many cuttings made by the small streams and rain the red clay 
is seen everywhere underlying it. Where the bank is crossed by the 
public road west of Buchanan's the light-colored and mulatto soils 
appear to be wanting in the face and are confined to the middle level 
of the country, and form a terrace, the edge of which is seen on the 
road a short distance west of Buchanan's, where it overlies a red silty 
sand and has a depth of 3 \ feet. It, however, gradually disappears 
toward the west, and at the old graveyard on the Little Rock and 
McAlmont wagon road, about 2 miles east of the lower railroad 
bridge over Arkansas River, it is replaced by this red sand. The 
underlying clays in this field are not easily determined. 
CLAY INDUSTRY. 
The various kinds of clays found in Pulaski County have already 
been discussed. They include the kaolins of Fourche Mountain, pot- 
tery clays, clay shales suitable for the manufacture of paving bricks 
and fire bricks, and the more common surface clays suitable for the 
manufacture of common building bricks. Common brick clay is the 
only clay in the county now used, and Little Rock the only place 
where it is manufactured into bricks. 
There are at present three brick plants in Little Rock engaged in 
the manufacture of brick. One of the largest plants is* the Arkansas 
Brick and Manufacturing Company, established in 1897. The plant 
is well equipped with modern machinery for molding, drying, and 
